Kaozeadenn Implijer:Luzmael~brwiki/Koz

Klaoustre

A-benn nebeut e vo tizhet an 10 000vet pennad war ar wiki e brezhoneg. Ha ma vije klasket bezañ an 50vet yezh o tizhout al live-se? Vije ket fall, nann? Evit ar mare emañ an albaneg un tammig dirazhomp. Greomp ur striv evit e tibaseal, da skouer o krouiñ pep hini un 10 bajenn 'bloavezh' (1300, hag all) an devezh. Seurt pajennoù a zo aes da grouiñ en ur vunutenn dre kopiañ-pegañ. A galon, Benoni 29 Her 2006 da 11:59 (UTC)

Doare envel Departmantoù Frañs (votadeg)

Savet 'zo bet un tabut war ar poent-mañ (displeget dre an hir war ar bajenn-mañ). Kaset e vo da benn ur votadeg e-pad ur sizhunvezh d'an nebeutañ evit klask kaout un diskoulm diazezet war un emglev ledan.

Pedet oc'h neuze da vont da lakaat ur sell war an displegadurioù ha da reiñ ho soñj dre votiñ.

Mat e vefe d'an holl implijerion/ezed kemer perzh, rak seul ledanoc'h e vo an emglev tizhet a-benn ar fin seul aezetoc'h e vo lakaat an traoù da vont war-raok en un doare aezet.

Lennit ha votit amañ: Politikerezh Envel Departamantoù Frañs (tabut)

--Neal 5 Du 2006 da 09:16 (UTC) (Merour)

All

Skeudenn

Trugarekaat. Brav eo ar skeudenn.Shelley Konk 26 Du 2006 da 09:18 (UTC)

Evajoù ar Gres henamzerel

Kekyon

Demeter drank cecyon (kekyon) at Eleusis. This sacred drink of the Eleusine Mysteries was made of wheaten gruel blended with mint. Female initiates carried vessels of it bound to their heads. The Greeks believed that mint increased love-making.

Greek: The sacred ritual drink of the Eleusine Mysteries. It is variously thought to have been made of barley water or wheaten gruel with mint, or of wine and meal. It is described as intoxicating so it may have been fermented, or to have had a hallucinogenic ingredient such as Fly Agaric.

The Eleusinian Mysteries of Ancient Greece

by Gitana

This is an article I wrote for an issue of the newsletter "Pagan Press" which can be found here: http://www.paganwny.org/pressbr.htm

Just outside of Athens was a town called Eleusis. It is best known for the secret rituals that took place there. In ancient times these rituals were simply called “The Mysteries” but today we commonly refer to them as the Eleusinian Mysteries, to distinguish them from other mystery rites.(1) The festival itself, which honored the goddess Demeter and her daughter Persephone, took place for a week in the fall. Anyone who spoke Greek, had participated in the initial purification rituals, and could afford to bring their own sacrificial piglet, was allowed to participate. They began in prehistoric times, and lasted until the 4th century AD.

The word “mystery” comes from the Greek word mustes meaning “an initiate.” Those who were initiated were not allowed to divulge the information that had been revealed to them. It is quite impressive to think that, for the most part, this information was kept secret. Unfortunately for us, however, it also means that we do not truly know what the secret of Eleusis was. Those who did reveal the secret were severely punished by the Athenian authorities.

The structure of the week’s rituals, so far as we are able to reconstruct it from historical information, is as follows: The first day of the festival was the 16th of Boedromion. Candidates gathered at Athens for purifications, which included washing in the sea water, and sacrificing a piglet. Plutarch says that the initiates even bathed with the piglets.(2) On the 17th a sow was sacrificed to Demeter and Persephone. (3) The 18th there was a public festival going on in Athens in honor of Asklepios, and it also was the day a wine libation was offered to Dionysos.(4) Initiates did not participate in these, as they shunned wine just as, in the Homeric Hymn to Demeter, Demeter refuses to drink wine. Instead she asks for a drink of barley and pennyroyal called kykeon. This was the day initiates probably prepared the kykeon.

Then, on the 19th, which was called agyrmos or “gathering,” the sacred objects were taken out of the Eleusinion, a temple near the Acropolis. The priestesses carried these sacred objects in baskets (kistai) on their heads.(5) The entire group of officiants and initiates processed some 12 miles from Athens to Eleusis along the hiera hodos, the Sacred Way. They carried boughs of myrtle and torches once it became dark. Cries of “Iakkh’ o Iakkhe” Along the way they crossed over a bridge, and were taunted and had obscenities shouted at them by a person meant to represent Iambe.(6) After they all enjoyed the joking and laughter, they kykeon was drunk. They were on their way again, and had to cross over another bridge, although this one was much smaller. The participants could only cross in single file, and carts were too large to cross. After coming off the bridge the candidates were received by a priest. They were expected to give him a “password” phrase: “I have fasted, drunk the kykeon, taken things out of the big basket and, after performing a rite, put them in the little basket, whence I put them back in the big basket.”(7) Once they had done that, the priest would tie a thread to the right hand and the left foot of the participant.( By the time the initiates reached the sanctuary it was nighttime.

What exactly happened at the sanctuary we are not entirely sure. We do have some indications, however. As they approach the building they throw piglets into the megara.(9) Plutarch speaks of “wandering to and fro,” probably in imitation of Demeter searching for Persephone.(10) They would conduct their mock search in the dark just outside the building. It is possible that those who had been initiated previously did not participate in this. Clinton suggests that the epoptai, those already initiated, went into the Telesterion first, and, holding torches, awaited the candidates to enter.(11) After the search they entered the Telesterion, which was the main building of the sanctuary, holding up to 3,000 people.(12) We may wonder why one who was already initiated would go back again. There is a wonderful quote that addresses this: “There are holy things that are not communicated all at once: Eleusis always keeps something back to show those who come again.”(13)

Later writers, mostly Christian, felt no need to keep the secret of the Mysteries, and they have provided some information on what was done and what was revealed to the participants. Clement of Alexandria, a convert to Christianity, writes that there are “sesame-sweets, cakes shaped like pyramids and balls, or covered with navels, lumps of salt, and a serpent” and “pomegranates in addition, and sprigs of fig, fennel and ivy, and also cheese-cakes and poppies.”(14) Concerning what was shown to the initiates we hear different accounts. Tertullian, another convert to Christianity, says, “the entire secret token of their tongues, is revealed to be an image of the male organ.”(15) However, Hippolytus, a Gnostic, tells us that it is an ear of grain that is revealed to the initiates. It seems quite possible that the food was used as offerings to The Two Goddesses. As for the showing of a phallus or an ear of grain, both seem possible; however, grain seems the most likely in this context. There is a very interesting line from Euripides that might refer to this. “One buries children, one gains new children, one dies oneself; and this men take heavily, carrying earth to earth. But it is necessary to harvest life like a fruit-bearing ear of corn, and that the one be, the other not.”(16)

The hierophant would then beat the echeion, a kind of gong used in the theater to imitate the sound of thunder.(17) It is at this point that a vision of Persephone herself, surrounded by a blinding light, is thought to appear from inside a small room in the building, known as the Anaktoron. Plutarch says that an initiate, when he as “beheld a great light, as when the Anaktoron opens, changes his behavior and falls silent and wonders.”(1 The hierophant then proclaims, “The Lady Brimo has brought forth a holy son, Brimos.”(19)

The next day there are dances, and sacrifices of piglets and a large bull, which were then served at a grand feast. Following that, two large vessels, called plemokhoi were filled with liquid. One faced East and the other West. They were overturned, as a libation, while the priest called out “Hye kye!” which means, “Rain conceive!”(20) This, the 23rd of Boedromion, was the final day of the Mysteries, and thus the initiates returned to their homes.

The Eleusinian Mysteries were one of the most popular cults in ancient Greece. The meaning of the rites comes from participation in them, however, and not knowledge of them. Aristotle wrote, “Initiates do not need to understand anything; rather, they undergo an experience and a disposition – become, that is, deserving.”(21) What it is that they deserve can be explained by some other quotes found in ancient literature. Sophocles has said, “Thrice blessed of mortals are those who go to Hades after beholding these rites. To them alone it is given to live there; to others everything there is evil.”(22) Pindar also wrote on this: “Blessed is he who goes under the earth after seeing these things. He knows the consummation of life; he knows its Zeus-given beginnings.”(23) Another writer says, “Even if your life is sedentary and you never sailed the sea or walked the highways of the land, go nevertheless to Attica to see those nights of the great Mysteries of Demeter: your heart shall become free of care while you live and lighter when you go to the realm of the majority.”(24)

The initiates of the Mysteries, through their participation, became the blessed of the Goddesses. They gained the understanding that death was not the final end, that they would live on in the Underworld. Furthermore, they learned that they would receive special treatment after death by the goddess of the Underworld, Persephone. This brought great joy to an ancient Greek, whose life was difficult and witnessed death often.

Endnotes: 1. Within ancient Greece alone there were the Eleusinian Mysteries, Orphic Mysteries, Dionysian Mysteries, Kabiri Mysteries, and others. Outside Greece we know of the Mysteries of Mater Deum Magna, Isis, Mithras, just to name a few. 2. Plutarch, Phoc. 28.6 3. Inscriptiones graecae II 2 1367 6. 4. Carl Kerényi, Eleusis: Archtypal Image of Mother and Daughter, Princeton University Press, Princeton, 1967, p. 62. 5. Inscriptiones graecae II 2 81 10. There are surviving statues of these priestesses in the Eleusis Museum. For photos, see this site: http://persephones.250free.com/karyatid.html 6. In the Homeric Hymn to Demeter, Iambe makes Demeter laugh, in spite of mourning for her daughter, by saying vulgar things to her. 7. Clement of Alexandria Protrepticus II.21 8. Anecdota graeca, ed. I. Bekker, Vol. I, 273, Berlin, 1814, line 25. 9. Kevin Clinton, “Sacrifice in the Eleusinian Mysteries,” in Early Greek Cult Practice, Proceedings of the Fifth International Symposium at the Swedish Institute at Athens, 26-29 June, 1986, Skrifter utgivna av Svenska Institutet I Athen, 4o, 38, Stockholm, 1988, p. 79. 10. Plutarch, fragment 178 11. Kevin Clinton, “The Sanctuary of Demeter and Kore at Eleusis,” in Greek Sanctuaries: New Perspectives, ed. N. Marinatos and R. Hagg, Routledge, New York, 1993, p. 118. 12. Walter Burkert, “Athenian Cults and Festivals,” in Cambridge Ancient History, vol. 5, 2nd ed., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1992, p. 264. 13. Seneca, Quaestiones naturals VII 30.6 14. Clement of Alexandria, Protrepticus II.22 15. Tertullian, Against the Valentinians, 1. He belonged to the sect called Montanism, which practiced both asceticism and prophesying. 16. Euripides, Hypsipyle fr. 757 17. Scholium on Theokritos II 35-36; Scholium on Aristophanes Nubes 242 18. Plutarch, De profectu in virtute 81 19. Hippolytus, Refutation of All Heresies, V.8.39 The “Lady Brimo” is Persephone. 20. ibid., V.7.34 21. Aristotle, in Synesius, Dio, 10 22. Sophocles, in Plutarch, How to Study Poetry, 21f 23. Pindar, in Clement of Alexandria, Stromateis III. 3.17 24. Crinagoras of Mytilene, A.P. 11.42

http://persephones.250free.com/eleusinian-mysteries.html

Ambrosia

Ambrosia (Greek αμβροσία) is sometimes the food, sometimes the drink, of the gods. The word has generally been derived from Greek a- ("not") and mbrotos ("mortal"); hence the food or drink of the immortals.

Saozneg

Salut dit Luzmael. Ne gav ket din e vez fur sevel meur a bennad gant meur a zoare skrivañ disheñvel war ar memes tem. Gallout a rez skrivañ da bennad gant liv brezhoneg gwened hep kudenn ebet, met ret eo soñjal er re a zeuy da lenn ar pezh az peus skrivet. N'heller goulenn gant krennarded da skouer bezañ gouiziek war an doareoù skrivañ disheñvel (ar re a zo bet implijet betek-henn hag ar re a c'heller ijinañ c'hoazh). Kollet e oa bet ur bloavezh gant ar Wikipedia brezhonek abalamour d'ar reuz a blante unan gant e zoareoù skrivañ. Deuet e oa ur c'helenner da glemm zoken peogwir ne veze komprenet seurt ebet amañ gant e skolidi.

Ne'm eus kudenn ebet evit kompren da bennadoù e yezh gwened (gant gerioù e peurunvan) met ur skoliad eus Bro-Leon, ne gompreno ket netra. Sevel pennadoù disheñvel evit rannyezhoù disheñvel ? Ret eo soñjal ivez e frammadur ar Wiki gant al liammoù diabarzh, al liammoù etre yezhoù (etrewiki) hag al liammoù war-zu ar raktresoù-all (Gwikeriadur da skouer). Kenkoulz e vije sevel Wikipediaoù diseñvel evit pep rannyezh.

Ar peurunvan (ha pa vefe evit skrivañ gwenedeg) eo a vez implijet gant ar pep brasañ eus an dud, setu eo e peurunvan e vez savet pennadoù amañ. Lañs a oa bet roet d'an holloueziadur-mañ ha deuet e oa kenlabourerion nevez pa voe bet dilezet an doareoù-skrivañ all. A-galon.--Yun (kaozeal) 22 Kzu 2006 da 16:09 (UTC)

Re brim on bet, 'm eus aon. Gwelet em boa ur bajenn nevez krouet ganit ha soñjet em eus ez poa skrivet ar bajenn-se da-unan. Evit nullañ pajennoù pe kendeuziñ istor div bajenn e c'heller goulenn er pajenn-se : Pajennoù da nullañ 'n'eus ket 'met ar verourion a c'hell ober an dra-se. Lakaet e vo ar pennad e peurunvan ha mat pell 'zo, ne vo ket miret an doareoù all.

Kalon vat dit ha dalc'h mat.--Yun (kaozeal) 22 Kzu 2006 da 17:26 (UTC)

Kudenn ebet. Trugarez dit evit an evezhiadenn.Luzmael 22 Kzu 2006 da 17:31 (UTC)

• Dre ma oan a-du gant ar pezh a oa skrivet gant Yun ha gant Neal war bajenn kaozeal ar pennad Saozneg em eus bodet an tri fennad. Ne servij da netra kaout meur a bennad diwar-benn ar memes tra. An danvez orin em eus klasket lakaat en doare-skrivañ peurunvan (met gwenedek e chom). Labour zo d'ober c'hoazh war-dro ar pennad-se, evit an holl re o defe c'hoant. A galon.--Llydawr 22 Kzu 2006 da 17:46 (UTC)

Kempenn

Ret e vefe dit kempenn ar bajennad-mañ un tamm bennak. Evit eskemm gant implijerion all eo graet.--Yun (kaozeal) 22 Kzu 2006 da 16:12 (UTC)

Demokratelezh

[[1]] Votomp. MP 30 Kzu 2006 da 10:07 (UTC)

Peurunvan

Demat, gwellet a ran peus votet div wech war bajenn vot ar peurunvan: ur wech a-enep, hag ur wech neptu. Ret vije diverkañ unan eus an daou vot, mod all e vint nullet o daou. A galon, Benoni 3 Gen 2007 da 12:35 (UTC)

Vot

Demat. Ur vot a zo digor amañ : Wikipedia:Kendivizoù reolata/Rummadoù el liester. Trugarez, Benoni 27 C'hwe 2007 da 22:36 (UTC)

Kemenn votadeg

Demat, ur vouezhiadeg war an doare da vrezhonekaat anvioù divoutin gresianek a zo bet digoret amañ.

Pedet eo da reiñ o mouezh mar fell dezhe an implijerion/ezed enrollet gant ur bajenn-implijer war ar Wikipedia-mañ hag oberiant abaoe ur miz d'an nebeutañ pe nebeutoc'h ma'c'h eo bet labouret gante war an dachenn-resis-mañ a-raok digoradur ar votadeg.

Evit kompren gwelloc'h pep kinnig e-raok mouezhiañ e c'heller lenn displegadennoù hiroc'h war ar bajenn gaozeal stag ouzh pajenn ar vot.

Trugarez, --Merour (Neal) ^(Kaozeal) 2 Meu 2007 da 16:11 (UTC)

Vot digor war adenvel an ti-chopin

Ur vot a zo bet digoret amañ evit adenvel an ti-chopin. Trugarez da reiñ ho ali. Benoni 29 Meu 2007 da 18:33 (UTC)

Vot digor evit kaout ur bureviad

Ur vot a zo bet digoret amañ evit kaout ur bureviad war ar wikipedia brezhoneg. Neal en deus lakaet e anv. Poent bras eo kaout ur bureviad war hon wikipedia evit bezañ emren penn-da-benn. Ar bureviad a servijo evit krouiñ merourien nevez, reiñ ar statud bot da implijerien 'zo (da skouer da Nono le petit robot a zo kroget da labourat kalzig war hon wikipedia), ha kemm anv implijerien 'zo mar bez ezhomm. Evit poent eo ret tremen dre meta evit an tri dra se. Trugarez da votiñ. A galon, Benoni 17 Ebr 2007 da 08:57 (UTC)

Digarez

Digarez evit bezañ diverket an info box p'am boa diverket ar opennad doubl bet savet ganit dindan an titl nushù. A-raok sevel ur pennad nevez eo mat atav mat da sellet hag-eñ n'eo ket bet savet c'hoazh dindan un anv disheñvel o klask hep sinoù diakritek. Da diwall evel-just gant ar sinoù diakritek implijet gant ar pinyin implijet evit treuzskrivañ ar sinaeg rak ne dalvezont ket evit diskwel lec'h an taol-mouezh pe digoradur ur vogalenn met an tonennoù. A galon, Neal ^(Kaozeal) 19 Mae 2007 da 07:57 (UTC)

Mat, ar trubuilh ne oa ket ken talvoudus a benn ar fin. A galon, --Luzmael 19 Mae 2007 da 15:32 (UTC)

Mein

N'ouzan ket brezhonekaat peogwir ne oezan ket da betra a rez dave. Ma vije ar furm galleg pe saosneg dija e c'hellfen reiñ ma ali. Ma 'z out dedennet gant an danvez, kemer harp war al levr-mañ: [2]: evel-se to tout ar geriaoueg zo ezhomm. A galon, Benoni 22 Mae 2007 da 21:14 (UTC)

Trugarez ! Chenchet em eus "Maeneg" e "Maenad". Ret 'zo din da distrujiñ pennadoù bremañ : "Patrom:Maeneg" ha "Kalkedon (Maeneg)".--Luzmael 23 Mae 2007 da 16:28 (UTC)

Ne gomprenan ket re vat abeg ar c'hemmoù a zegasez er penngerioù reizhet ganin. Anat eo e oa kemmoù d'ober : pennlizherennoù da gas kuit, maenad da lakaat el liester, esaouennoù a vanke, anvioù metaloù da lakaat e peurunvan pe e brezhoneg (tungsten) hep komz eus "klassifikerezh" (sic!). Ne'm eus ket klasket ober ma fenn gant da bennadoù. Micher a-walch am eus bet zoken ouzh o reizhañ ha n'on ket gwall blijet o welet ac'hanout o lakaat penngerioù gant fazioù anat en-dro. Dreist-holl pa vez ur charre evit o degas d'ur stumm reizh en-dro. Setu gwelloc'h e vefe kaozeal kent kemm a-dreuz hag a-hed. Ma peus c'hoant e rin muioc'h. Da c'hortoz em eus goulet gant benoni kemm an traoù faziek evel merour--Kadwalan 31 Mae 2007 da 09:37 (UTC)

Ne gomprenan ket ivez ! Evid kregiñ : Trugarez dit evid da skoazell ! Labour braz em eus c'hoazh evid reizhañ ma brezhoneg. Bremañ, ar c'hemm em eus graet e oa evid treiñ "Wolframat" e "Tungstenat". Ha te ho peus "dikemmet" se evid "Wolframat" : gwellet em eus en wikipedia alemaneg, saozneg ha spagnoleg ha kavet em eus se oa mad. Neuze em eus kemmet eur pennad deus "Tungstenat" da "Wolframat". Faziet em eus : kudenn ebet ganin da chench evid "Tungstenat" ! Da galon--Luzmael 31 Mae 2007 da 10:15 (UTC)

Setu amañ ar c'hemmoù degaset ganit ha ne gomprenan ket :

• (diforc'h) (ist) . . N Renkadur ar maenadoù/Arsenat Vanadat‎; 08:42 . . (+47) . . Luzmael (kaozeadenn | degasadennoù) (Adkas war-du Renkadur ar Maenad/ArsenatVanadat)
• (diforc'h) (ist) . . N Renkadur ar maenadoù/Fosfatoù‎; 08:41 . . (+41) . . Luzmael (kaozeadenn | degasadennoù) (Adkas war-du Renkadur ar Maenad/Phosphat)
• (diforc'h) (ist) . . Renkadur ar maenadoù/Molybdat Tungstenat‎; 08:37 . . (-358) . . Luzmael (kaozeadenn | degasadennoù) (Adkas war-du Renkadur ar maenadoù/Molibdatoù Wolframatoù) --Kadwalan 31 Mae 2007 da 10:22 (UTC)

Ar pennadoù da sevel int :

- Renkadur ar maenadoù/Arsenatoù Vanadatoù

- Renkadur ar maenadoù/Fosfatoù

- Renkadur ar maenadoù/Molibdatoù Wolframatoù pe Renkadur ar maenadoù/Molibdatoù Tungstenatoù

Avad ar pennadoù-se n'int ket c'hoazh troet e brezhoneg. Setu perag em eus adkaset (o c'hortoz ar stumm brezhoneg) ar pennadoù-se.

Evid Wolframat / Tungstenat n'ouzon ket ? Petra vo graet ?--Luzmael 31 Mae 2007 da 10:56 (UTC)

Arabat eo sevel pennadoù nevez! Bez ez eus anezho dija met ret e vo dilec'hiañ an danvez. Graet e vo an dra-se gant ar merour. Pas ganimp. Peogwir emaomp a-du ne vo chati ebet, da'm soñj. Setu ar stummoù a erbedan :

• Renkadur ar maenadoù/Arsenatoù Vanadatoù (lakaat a rafen a-walc'h "ha" pe ur virgulenn ouzhpenn etre an daou anv)
• Renkadur ar maenadoù/Fosfatoù
• Renkadur ar maenadoù/Molibdatoù Tungstenatoù

Wolframat eo anv alamaneg an Tungsten met o vezañ ma'z eus anvioù e -at er rannbennad-se eus "renkadur ar maenadoù" ha pa oa bet implijet Tungsten e rannbennad an elfennoù dija em eus skrivet "Tungstenat" eno --Kadwalan 31 Mae 2007 da 11:12 (UTC)

Artemisia Gentileschi

Ma kerez e ri ur sell ouzh ar pennad, kinniget evel pennad eus an dibab, ha marteze reiñ un ali er bajenn Wikipedia:Pennadoù eus an dibab. A galon. Bianchi-Bihan 11 Kzu 2007 da 17:50 (UTC)