Faskouriezh : diforc'h etre ar stummoù

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[[File:Benito Mussolini and Adolf Hitler.jpg|thumb|250px|[[Benito Mussolini]] hag [[Adolf Hitler]]<br /> e [[1937]]]]
Ar '''Faskouriezh''' a zo un [[ideologiezh]] aotrouniek ha [[broadelour]] he deus aon rak un doare diskar sevenadurel ha broadel hag a fell dezhi lakaat da darzhañ un adsavadeg vroadel dre uhelaat ar mennozhioù a [[gouenn|ouenn]] hag a [[broad|vroad]] ha dre luskañ an nerzh, an unvaniezh hag ar glander. <ref name="anatomnyfascismo">{{cite book | last =Paxton | first =Robert | title =The Anatomy of Fascism| publisher =Vintage Books| url =http://books.google.com/books?id=oGMfAAAACAAJ&dq=The+Anatomy+of+Fascism| isbn =1400033918}}</ref><ref name="natureoffascismo">{{cite book | last =Griffin| first =Roger | title =The Nature of Fascism| publisher =Palgrave Macmillan| url =http://books.google.com/books?id=fcn5ZtaPc7oC&dq=%22third+way%22+fascism+eatwell&lr= | isbn =0312071329}}</ref><ref name="britannicafasc">{{cite news|url=http://search.eb.com/eb/article-9117286|publisher=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]|title=Fascism|date=[[8 January]] [[2008]]}}</ref><ref name="Passmore">{{cite book | last =Passmore| first =Kevin| title =Fascism: A Very Short Introduction| publisher =Oxford University Press| url =http://books.google.com/books?id=EQG0AAAACAAJ&dq=A+Very+Short+Introduction+passmore| isbn =0192801554}}</ref><ref name="walterlaq">{{cite book | last =Laqueuer| first =Walter| title =Fascism: Past, Present, Future| publisher =Oxford University Press| url =http://books.google.com/books?id=fWggQTqioXcC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Fascism:+Past,+Present,+Future&sig=ACfU3U1n62biDhT9uHo0oHkCLSi97MrTmw | isbn =019511793X}}</ref>
Ar '''Faskouriezh''' a zo un [[ideologiezh]] aotrouniek ha [[broadelour]] he deus aon rak un doare diskar sevenadurel ha broadel, hag a fell dezhi lakaat da darzhañ un adsavadeg vroadel dre uhelaat ar mennozhioù a [[gouenn|ouenn]] hag a [[broad|vroad]] ha dre luskañ an nerzh, an unvaniezh hag ar glander. <ref name="anatomnyfascismo">{{cite book | last =Paxton | first =Robert | title =''The Anatomy of Fascism''| publisher =Vintage Books| url =http://books.google.com/books?id=oGMfAAAACAAJ&dq=The+Anatomy+of+Fascism| isbn =1400033918}}</ref><ref name="natureoffascismo">{{cite book | last =Griffin| first =Roger | title =''The Nature of Fascism''| publisher =Palgrave Macmillan| url =http://books.google.com/books?id=fcn5ZtaPc7oC&dq=%22third+way%22+fascism+eatwell&lr= | isbn =0312071329}}</ref><ref name="britannicafasc">{{cite news|url=http://search.eb.com/eb/article-9117286|publisher=''[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]''|title=''Fascism''|date=[[8 a viz Genver]] [[2008]]}}</ref><ref name="Passmore">{{cite book | last =Passmore| first =Kevin| title =''Fascism: A Very Short Introduction''| publisher =Oxford University Press| url =http://books.google.com/books?id=EQG0AAAACAAJ&dq=A+Very+Short+Introduction+passmore| isbn =0192801554}}</ref><ref name="walterlaq">{{cite book | last =Laqueuer| first =Walter| title =''Fascism: Past, Present, Future''| publisher =Oxford University Press| url =http://books.google.com/books?id=fWggQTqioXcC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Fascism:+Past,+Present,+Future&sig=ACfU3U1n62biDhT9uHo0oHkCLSi97MrTmw | isbn =019511793X}}</ref>


Perzhioù liesek a ro ar glaskourien d'ar faskouriezh, met an elfennoù-mañ a vez gwelet evel elfennoù diazez : [[broadelouriezh]], [[milouriezh]], [[diktatouriezh]],[[aotrouniegezh]], [[poblelouriezh]], [[kenberc'hennouriezh]], [[stadouriezh]], [[emelouriezh sokial]] ha [[steuñverezh]]. Ouzhpenn-se e vez enebet ar faskouriezh ouzh ar [[frankizouriezh klasel]] hag ar [[komunouriezh|gomunouriezh]]<ref name="eatwellhist">{{cite book | last =Eatwell | first =Roger| title =Fascism: A History| publisher =University of Michigan| url =http://books.google.com/books?id=x3U6AAAAMAAJ&q=fascism+eatwell&dq=fascism+eatwell&pgis=1|isbn=071399147X}}</ref><ref name="natureoffascismo">{{cite book | last =Griffin| first =Roger | title =The Nature of Fascism| publisher =Palgrave Macmillan| url =http://books.google.com/books?id=fcn5ZtaPc7oC&dq=%22third+way%22+fascism+eatwell&lr= | isbn =0312071329}}</ref><ref name="anatomnyfascismo">{{cite book | last =Paxton | first =Robert | title =The Anatomy of Fascism| publisher =Vintage Books| url =http://books.google.com/books?id=oGMfAAAACAAJ&dq=The+Anatomy+of+Fascism| isbn =1400033918}}</ref><ref name="paynee">{{cite book | last = Payne | first =Stanley | title =A History of Fascism, 1914-45| publisher =University of Wisconsin Press| url =http://books.google.com/books?id=NLiFIEdI1V4C&dq=A+History+of+Fascism+payne&lr=&source=gbs_summary_s&cad=0 | isbn =0299148742}}</ref><ref name="threefacesof">{{cite book | last =Nolte | first =Ernst | title =Three Faces of Fascism: Action Française, Italian Fascism and National Socialism| publisher =Holt, Rinehart and Winston| url =http://books.google.com/books?id=xX9AAAAAIAAJ&q=three+faces+of+fascism&dq=three+faces+of+fascism&pgis=1}}</ref><ref name="reheres">{{cite book | last =Fritzsche| first =Peter | title =Rehearsals for Fascism: Populism and Political Mobilization in Weimar Germany| publisher =Oxford University Press| url =http://books.google.com/books?id=xX9AAAAAIAAJ&q=three+faces+of+fascism&dq=three+faces+of+fascism&pgis=1 | isbn=0195057805}}</ref><ref name="britannicacollect">{{cite news|url=http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9024764|publisher=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]|title=Collectivism |date=[[8 January]] [[2008]]}}</ref>
Perzhioù liesek a ro ar glaskourien d'ar faskouriezh, met an elfennoù-mañ a vez gwelet evel elfennoù diazez : [[broadelouriezh]], [[milouriezh]], [[diktatouriezh]],[[aotrouniegezh]], [[poblelouriezh]], [[kenberc'hennouriezh]], [[stadouriezh]], [[emelouriezh sokial]] ha [[steuñverezh]].<br />Ouzhpenn-se e vez enebet ar faskouriezh ouzh ar [[frankizouriezh klasel]] hag ar [[komunouriezh|gomunouriezh]]<ref name="eatwellhist">{{cite book | last =Eatwell | first =Roger| title =''Fascism: A History''| publisher =University of Michigan| url =http://books.google.com/books?id=x3U6AAAAMAAJ&q=fascism+eatwell&dq=fascism+eatwell&pgis=1|isbn=071399147X}}</ref><ref name="natureoffascismo">{{cite book | last =Griffin| first =Roger | title =''The Nature of Fascism''| publisher =Palgrave Macmillan| url =http://books.google.com/books?id=fcn5ZtaPc7oC&dq=%22third+way%22+fascism+eatwell&lr= | isbn =0312071329}}</ref><ref name="anatomnyfascismo">{{cite book | last =Paxton | first =Robert | title =''The Anatomy of Fascism''| publisher =Vintage Books| url =http://books.google.com/books?id=oGMfAAAACAAJ&dq=The+Anatomy+of+Fascism| isbn =1400033918}}</ref><ref name="paynee">{{cite book | last = Payne | first =Stanley | title =''A History of Fascism, 1914-45''| publisher =University of Wisconsin Press| url =http://books.google.com/books?id=NLiFIEdI1V4C&dq=A+History+of+Fascism+payne&lr=&source=gbs_summary_s&cad=0 | isbn =0299148742}}</ref><ref name="threefacesof">{{cite book | last =Nolte | first =Ernst | title =''Three Faces of Fascism: Action Française, Italian Fascism and National Socialism''| publisher =Holt, Rinehart and Winston| url =http://books.google.com/books?id=xX9AAAAAIAAJ&q=three+faces+of+fascism&dq=three+faces+of+fascism&pgis=1}}</ref><ref name="reheres">{{cite book | last =Fritzsche| first =Peter | title =''Rehearsals for Fascism: Populism and Political Mobilization in Weimar Germany''| publisher =Oxford University Press| url =http://books.google.com/books?id=xX9AAAAAIAAJ&q=three+faces+of+fascism&dq=three+faces+of+fascism&pgis=1 | isbn=0195057805}}</ref><ref name="britannicacollect">{{cite news|url=http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9024764|publisher=''[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]''|title=''Collectivism'' |date=[[8 a viz Genver]] [[2008]]}}</ref>


==Orin an anv==
==Orin an anv==
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== Daveoù ==
== Daveoù ==

=== Skrivagnerien faskour ===
=== Skrivagnerien faskour ===
* [[Galeazzo Ciano|Ciano, Galeazzo]] – 1945 – ''The Ciano Diaries, 1939—1943'' Simon Publications ISBN 978-1-931313-74-2.

* De Oliveira Salazar, António 1939 ''Doctrine and Action: Internal and Foreign Policy of the New Portugal, 1928-1939'' Faber and Faber.
* [[Giovanni Gentile|Gentile, Giovanni]]. 1932. ''[[The Doctrine of Fascism]]''. [[Enciclopedia Italiana]].
* Gentile, Giovanni 1932 ''The Doctrine of Fascism'' Enciclopedia Italiana.
* [[António de Oliveira Salazar|de Oliveira Salazar, António]] . 1939. ''Doctrine and Action: Internal and Foreign Policy of the New Portugal, 1928-1939.'' Faber and Faber.
* [[Oswald Mosley|Mosley, Sir Oswald]]. 1968. ''[[My Life (Sir Oswald Mosley autobiography)|My Life]]''. Nelson Publications.
* Mosley, Oswald 1968 ''My Life'' Nelson Publications.
* [[Benito Mussolini|Mussolini, Benito]] – 1998 – ''My Rise And Fall '' – Da Capo Press – ISBN 978-0-306-80864-7.
* [[José Antonio Primo de Rivera|de Rivera, José Antonio Primo]]. 1971. ''Textos de Doctrina Politica''. Madrid.
* [[Benito Mussolini|Mussolini, Benito]]. 1998. ''My Rise And Fall ''. Da Capo Press. ISBN 0306808641
* Mussolini, Benito – 2006 – ''My Autobiography: With "The Political and Social Doctrine of Fascism"'' Dover Publications – ISBN 978-0-486-44777-3.
* [[José Antonio Primo de Rivera|Primo de Rivera, Antonio]] 1971 ''Textos de Doctrina Politica'' Madrid.
* [[Galeazzo Ciano|Ciano, Galezzo]]. 2001. ''The Ciano Diaries, 1939—1943''. Simon Publications. ISBN 1931313741
* [[Benito Mussolini|Mussolini, Benito]]. 2006. ''My Autobiography: With "The Political and Social Doctrine of Fascism"''. Dover Publications. ISBN 0486447774

=== Klaskourien ===
=== Klaskourien ===
* Baker, David – ''The political economy of fascism: Myth or reality, or myth and reality?'' – New Political Economy, Vol. 11, No 02/06/2006, pp. 227 – 250.
* Ben-Am, Shlomo, 1983 ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=yvSEAAAAIAAJ&q=%224th+of+August+regime%22&dq=%224th+of+August+regime%22&lr=&pgis=1 Fascism from Above: The Dictatorship of Primo de Rivera in Spain, 1923-1930]'' Oxford University Press ISBN 978-0-19-822596-6.
* Costa Pinto, António – 1996 – ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=Z8Y9AAAACAAJ&dq=Salazar%27s+Dictatorship+and+European+Fascism:+Problems+of+Interpretation&lr= Salazar's Dictatorship and European Fascism: Problems of Interpretation]'' Social Science Monographs ISBN 978-0-88033-968-1.
* De Felice, Renzo 1977 ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=V7uxAAAACAAJ&dq=Interpretations+of+Fascism Interpretations of Fascism]'' Harvard University Press ISBN 978-0-674-45962-5.
* De Felice, Renzo – 1978 – ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=ia2BdNGHRYoC&pg=PP1&dq=Fascism+:+an+informal+introduction+to+its+theory+and+practice&lr=&sig=ACfU3U1uWnBOMKbE48eeyWoDBvGW1UIe5Q Fascism: An Informal Introduction to Its Theory and Practice]'' Transaction Books ISBN 978-0-87855-619-9.
* Eatwell, Roger]] 1996 ''Fascism: A History'' New York: Allen Lane.
* Fritzsche, Peter 1990 ''Rehearsals for Fascism: Populism and Political Mobilization in Weimar Germany'' New York: Oxford University Press ISBN 978-0-19-505780-5.
* Goldberg, Jonah – 2007 – ''Liberal Fascism: The Secret History of the American Left, from Mussolini to the Politics of Meaning'' – New York: Doubleday – ISBN 978-0-385-51184-1.
* Griffin, Roger 1991 ''The Nature of Fascism'' New York: St. Martin’s Press.
* Griffin, Roger 2000 – ''Revolution from the Right: Fascism'', pennad e David Parker (emb.), ''Revolutions and the Revolutionary Tradition in the West 1560-1991'' Routledge, London.
* Griffiths, Richard 2001 ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=Y668AAAACAAJ&dq=Griffiths,+Richard+Fascism An Intelligent Person's Guide to Fascism]'' Duckworth ISBN 978-0-7156-2918-5.
* Kallis, Aristotle A. ''To Expand or Not to Expand? Territory, Generic Fascism and the Quest for an <q>&nbsp;Ideal Fatherland&nbsp;</q>'' – Journal of Contemporary History, Vol. 38, No. 2. (Apr., 2003), pp. 237-260.
* Lewis, Paul H. 2002 ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=z3fgxOPSBb4C&dq=Latin+Fascist+Elites&lr=&source=gbs_summary_s&cad=0 Latin Fascist Elites: The Mussolini, Franco, and Salazar Regimes]'' Greenwood Publishing Group ISBN 978-0-313-01334-8.
* Laqueur, Walter 1966 ''Fascism: Past, Present, Future'' New York: Oxford University Press ISBN 978-0-19-511793-6.
* Nolte, Ernst ''The Three Faces Of Fascism: Action Française, Italian Fascism, National Socialism'' London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson 1965.
* Paxton, Robert 2005 ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=oGMfAAAACAAJ&dq=The+Anatomy+of+Fascism The Anatomy of Fascism]'' Vintage Books ISBN 978-1-4000-3391-1.
* Payne, Stanley G. – 1966 – ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=rsHyAAAACAAJ&dq=Spanish+Fascism&lr= Falange: A History of Spanish Fascism]'' Stanford University Press – ISBN 978-0-8047-0059-7.
* Payne, Stanley G. 1987 ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=mgDWLYcTYIAC&dq=Francisco+Franco+payne&lr=&source=gbs_summary_s&cad=0 The Franco Regime, 1936-1975]'' University of Wisconsin Press ISBN 978-0-299-11070-3.
* Payne, Stanley G. 1995 ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=NLiFIEdI1V4C&dq=A+History+of+Fascism+payne&lr=&source=gbs_summary_s&cad=0 A History of Fascism, 1914-45]'' University of Wisconsin Press ISBN 978-0-299-14874-4.
* Reich, Wilhelm 1970 ''The Mass Psychology of Fascism'' New York: Farrar, Straus & Giroux.
* Sauer, Wolfgang – ''National Socialism: totalitarianism or fascism?'', pp. 404-424 e ''The American Historical Review'', Vol. 73, No. 2, Kerzu 1967.
* Seldes, George 1935 ''Sawdust Caesar: The Untold History of Mussolini and Fascism'' New York & London: Harper and Brothers.
* Sohn-Rethel, Alfred – 1978 – ''Economy and Class Structure of German Fascism''London, CSE Books ISBN 978-0-906336-00-7.
* Sternhell, Zeev & Sznajder, Mario & Asheri, Maia [1989] 1994 ''The Birth of Fascist Ideology, From Cultural Rebellion to Political Revolution.'' Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
* Vatikiotis, Panayiotis J. 1988 ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=mT5DO_cVSfMC&dq=Popular+Autocracy+in+Greece,+1936-1941:+A+Political+Biography+of+General+Ioannis+Metaxas&lr=&source=gbs_summary_s&cad=0 Popular Autocracy in Greece, 1936-1941: A Political Biography of General Ioannis Metaxas]'' Routledge ISBN 978-0-7146-4869-9.
* Weber, Eugen [1964] 1985 ''Varieties of Fascism: Doctrines of Revolution in the Twentieth Century'' New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold Company Pennadoù zo diwar-benn luskadoù faskour e lies broioù.


== Notennoù ==
* [[Renzo De Felice|De Felice, Renzo]]. 1976. ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=ia2BdNGHRYoC&pg=PP1&dq=Fascism+:+an+informal+introduction+to+its+theory+and+practice&lr=&sig=ACfU3U1uWnBOMKbE48eeyWoDBvGW1UIe5Q Fascism: An Informal Introduction to Its Theory and Practice]''. Transaction Books. ISBN 0878556192
{{Daveoù|bannoù=2}}
* [[Renzo De Felice|De Felice, Renzo]]. 1977. ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=V7uxAAAACAAJ&dq=Interpretations+of+Fascism Interpretations of Fascism]''. Harvard University Press. ISBN 0674459628.
* Ben-Am, Shlomo. 1983. ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=yvSEAAAAIAAJ&q=%224th+of+August+regime%22&dq=%224th+of+August+regime%22&lr=&pgis=1 Fascism from Above: The Dictatorship of Primo de Rivera in Spain, 1923-1930]''. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0198225962
* [[Stanley Payne|Payne, Stanley G]]. 1987. ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=mgDWLYcTYIAC&dq=Francisco+Franco+payne&lr=&source=gbs_summary_s&cad=0 The Franco Regime, 1936-1975]''. University of Wisconsin Press. ISBN 0299110702
* Vatikiotis, Panayiotis J. 1988. ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=mT5DO_cVSfMC&dq=Popular+Autocracy+in+Greece,+1936-1941:+A+Political+Biography+of+General+Ioannis+Metaxas&lr=&source=gbs_summary_s&cad=0 Popular Autocracy in Greece, 1936-1941: A Political Biography of General Ioannis Metaxas]''. Routledge. ISBN 0714648698
* [[Stanley Payne|Payne, Stanley G]]. 1995. ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=NLiFIEdI1V4C&dq=A+History+of+Fascism+payne&lr=&source=gbs_summary_s&cad=0 A History of Fascism, 1914-45]''. University of Wisconsin Press. ISBN 0299148742
* Costa Pinto, António. 1995. ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=Z8Y9AAAACAAJ&dq=Salazar%27s+Dictatorship+and+European+Fascism:+Problems+of+Interpretation&lr= Salazar's Dictatorship and European Fascism: Problems of Interpretation]''. Social Science Monographs. ISBN 0880339683
* Griffiths, Richard. 2001. ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=Y668AAAACAAJ&dq=Griffiths,+Richard+Fascism An Intelligent Person's Guide to Fascism]''. Duckworth. ISBN 0715629182
* Lewis, Paul H. 2002. ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=z3fgxOPSBb4C&dq=Latin+Fascist+Elites&lr=&source=gbs_summary_s&cad=0 Latin Fascist Elites: The Mussolini, Franco, and Salazar Regimes]''. Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 027597880X
* [[Stanley Payne|Payne, Stanley G]]. 2003. ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=rsHyAAAACAAJ&dq=Spanish+Fascism&lr= Falange: A History of Spanish Fascism]''. Textbook Publishers. ISBN 0758134452
* [[Robert Paxton|Paxton, Robert O]]. 2005. ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=oGMfAAAACAAJ&dq=The+Anatomy+of+Fascism The Anatomy of Fascism]''. Vintage Books. ISBN 1400033918

* [[Roger Eatwell|Eatwell, Roger]]. 1996. ''Fascism: A History.'' New York: Allen Lane.
* [[Ernst Nolte|Nolte, Ernst]] ''The Three Faces Of Fascism: Action Française, Italian Fascism, National Socialism'', translated from the German by Leila Vennewitz, London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1965.
* [[Wilhelm Reich|Reich, Wilhelm]]. 1970. ''The Mass Psychology of Fascism''. New York: Farrar, Straus & Giroux.
* [[George Seldes|Seldes, George]]. 1935. ''Sawdust Caesar: The Untold History of Mussolini and Fascism''. New York and London: Harper and Brothers.
* [[Alfred Sohn-Rethel]] ''Economy and Class Structure of German Fascism'',London, CSE Bks, 1978 ISBN 0906336007
* Kallis, Aristotle A. ," To Expand or Not to Expand? Territory, Generic Fascism and the Quest for an 'Ideal Fatherland'" Journal of Contemporary History, Vol. 38, No. 2. (Apr., 2003), pp. 237-260.
* [[Jonah Goldberg|Goldberg, Jonah]]. 2007. ''[[Liberal Fascism]]''. New York: Doubleday. ISBN 0385511841
* [[Peter Fritzsche|Fritzsche, Peter]]. 1990. ''Rehearsals for Fascism: Populism and Political Mobilization in Weimar Germany''. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-505780-5
* [[Roger Griffin|Griffin, Roger]]. 2000. "Revolution from the Right: Fascism," chapter in David Parker (ed.) ''Revolutions and the Revolutionary Tradition in the West 1560-1991'', Routledge, London.
* [[Walter Laqueur|Laqueur, Walter]]. 1966. ''Fascism: Past, Present, Future,'' New York: Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1997. ISBN 0-19-511793-X
* Sauer, Wolfgang "National Socialism: totalitarianism or fascism?" pages 404-424 from ''The American Historical Review'', Volume 73, Issue #2, December 1967.
* [[Zeev Sternhell|Sternhell, Zeev]] with [[Mario Sznajder]] and [[Maia Asheri]]. [1989] 1994. ''The Birth of Fascist Ideology, From Cultural Rebellion to Political Revolution.'', Trans. David Maisei. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
* Baker, David. "The political economy of fascism: Myth or reality, or myth and reality?" New Political Economy, Volume 11, Issue [[2 June]] [[2006]] , pages 227 – 250
* [[Roger Griffin|Griffin, Roger]]. 1991. ''The Nature of Fascism''. New York: St. Martin’s Press.
* [[Eugen Weber|Weber, Eugen]]. [1964] [[1985]]. ''Varieties of Fascism: Doctrines of Revolution in the Twentieth Century,'' New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, (Contains chapters on fascist movements in different countries.)

=== Notennoù ===
{{reflist|2}}


{{Ideologiezh}}
{{Ideologiezh}}

Stumm eus an 6 Mae 2015 da 20:57

Benito Mussolini hag Adolf Hitler
e 1937

Ar Faskouriezh a zo un ideologiezh aotrouniek ha broadelour he deus aon rak un doare diskar sevenadurel ha broadel, hag a fell dezhi lakaat da darzhañ un adsavadeg vroadel dre uhelaat ar mennozhioù a ouenn hag a vroad ha dre luskañ an nerzh, an unvaniezh hag ar glander. [1][2][3][4][5]

Perzhioù liesek a ro ar glaskourien d'ar faskouriezh, met an elfennoù-mañ a vez gwelet evel elfennoù diazez : broadelouriezh, milouriezh, diktatouriezh,aotrouniegezh, poblelouriezh, kenberc'hennouriezh, stadouriezh, emelouriezh sokial ha steuñverezh.
Ouzhpenn-se e vez enebet ar faskouriezh ouzh ar frankizouriezh klasel hag ar gomunouriezh[6][2][1][7][8][9][10]

Orin an anv

Dont a ra ar ger eus an italianeg fascimo, deveret eus fascio, ar feskenn (kenstrollad gwalinier ha bouc'hal) a veze douget gant al lictores en amzer Roma Gozh.

Daveoù

Skrivagnerien faskour

  • Ciano, Galeazzo – 1945 – The Ciano Diaries, 1939—1943 – Simon Publications – ISBN 978-1-931313-74-2.
  • De Oliveira Salazar, António – 1939 – Doctrine and Action: Internal and Foreign Policy of the New Portugal, 1928-1939 – Faber and Faber.
  • Gentile, Giovanni – 1932 – The Doctrine of Fascism – Enciclopedia Italiana.
  • Mosley, Oswald – 1968 – My Life – Nelson Publications.
  • Mussolini, Benito – 1998 – My Rise And Fall – Da Capo Press – ISBN 978-0-306-80864-7.
  • Mussolini, Benito – 2006 – My Autobiography: With "The Political and Social Doctrine of Fascism" – Dover Publications – ISBN 978-0-486-44777-3.
  • Primo de Rivera, Antonio – 1971 – Textos de Doctrina Politica – Madrid.

Klaskourien

Notennoù

  1. 1,0 ha1,1 Paxton, Robert. The Anatomy of Fascism. Vintage Books. ISBN 1400033918.  Fazi arroud : Balizenn <ref> faziek; anv "anatomnyfascismo$ spisaet meur a wech gant danvez disheñvel
  2. 2,0 ha2,1 Griffin, Roger. The Nature of Fascism. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 0312071329.  Fazi arroud : Balizenn <ref> faziek; anv "natureoffascismo$ spisaet meur a wech gant danvez disheñvel
  3. "Fascism", Encyclopædia Britannica (8 a viz Genver 2008). 
  4. Passmore, Kevin. Fascism: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0192801554. 
  5. Laqueuer, Walter. Fascism: Past, Present, Future. Oxford University Press. ISBN 019511793X. 
  6. Eatwell, Roger. Fascism: A History. University of Michigan. ISBN 071399147X. 
  7. Payne, Stanley. A History of Fascism, 1914-45. University of Wisconsin Press. ISBN 0299148742. 
  8. Nolte, Ernst. Three Faces of Fascism: Action Française, Italian Fascism and National Socialism. Holt, Rinehart and Winston. 
  9. Fritzsche, Peter. Rehearsals for Fascism: Populism and Political Mobilization in Weimar Germany. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0195057805. 
  10. "Collectivism", Encyclopædia Britannica (8 a viz Genver 2008).