Faskouriezh : diforc'h etre ar stummoù
Diverradenn ebet eus ar c'hemm |
Skeudenn, brezhoneg e-lec'h saozneg, renkañ ha reizhañ an daveoù. |
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[[File:Benito Mussolini and Adolf Hitler.jpg|thumb|250px|[[Benito Mussolini]] hag [[Adolf Hitler]]<br /> e [[1937]]]] |
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Ar '''Faskouriezh''' a zo un [[ideologiezh]] aotrouniek ha [[broadelour]] he deus aon rak un doare diskar sevenadurel ha broadel hag a fell dezhi lakaat da darzhañ un adsavadeg vroadel dre uhelaat ar mennozhioù a [[gouenn|ouenn]] hag a [[broad|vroad]] ha dre luskañ an nerzh, an unvaniezh hag ar glander. <ref name="anatomnyfascismo">{{cite book | last =Paxton | first =Robert | title =The Anatomy of Fascism| publisher =Vintage Books| url =http://books.google.com/books?id=oGMfAAAACAAJ&dq=The+Anatomy+of+Fascism| isbn =1400033918}}</ref><ref name="natureoffascismo">{{cite book | last =Griffin| first =Roger | title =The Nature of Fascism| publisher =Palgrave Macmillan| url =http://books.google.com/books?id=fcn5ZtaPc7oC&dq=%22third+way%22+fascism+eatwell&lr= | isbn =0312071329}}</ref><ref name="britannicafasc">{{cite news|url=http://search.eb.com/eb/article-9117286|publisher=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]|title=Fascism|date=[[8 |
Ar '''Faskouriezh''' a zo un [[ideologiezh]] aotrouniek ha [[broadelour]] he deus aon rak un doare diskar sevenadurel ha broadel, hag a fell dezhi lakaat da darzhañ un adsavadeg vroadel dre uhelaat ar mennozhioù a [[gouenn|ouenn]] hag a [[broad|vroad]] ha dre luskañ an nerzh, an unvaniezh hag ar glander. <ref name="anatomnyfascismo">{{cite book | last =Paxton | first =Robert | title =''The Anatomy of Fascism''| publisher =Vintage Books| url =http://books.google.com/books?id=oGMfAAAACAAJ&dq=The+Anatomy+of+Fascism| isbn =1400033918}}</ref><ref name="natureoffascismo">{{cite book | last =Griffin| first =Roger | title =''The Nature of Fascism''| publisher =Palgrave Macmillan| url =http://books.google.com/books?id=fcn5ZtaPc7oC&dq=%22third+way%22+fascism+eatwell&lr= | isbn =0312071329}}</ref><ref name="britannicafasc">{{cite news|url=http://search.eb.com/eb/article-9117286|publisher=''[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]''|title=''Fascism''|date=[[8 a viz Genver]] [[2008]]}}</ref><ref name="Passmore">{{cite book | last =Passmore| first =Kevin| title =''Fascism: A Very Short Introduction''| publisher =Oxford University Press| url =http://books.google.com/books?id=EQG0AAAACAAJ&dq=A+Very+Short+Introduction+passmore| isbn =0192801554}}</ref><ref name="walterlaq">{{cite book | last =Laqueuer| first =Walter| title =''Fascism: Past, Present, Future''| publisher =Oxford University Press| url =http://books.google.com/books?id=fWggQTqioXcC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Fascism:+Past,+Present,+Future&sig=ACfU3U1n62biDhT9uHo0oHkCLSi97MrTmw | isbn =019511793X}}</ref> |
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Perzhioù liesek a ro ar glaskourien d'ar faskouriezh, met an elfennoù-mañ a vez gwelet evel elfennoù diazez : [[broadelouriezh]], [[milouriezh]], [[diktatouriezh]],[[aotrouniegezh]], [[poblelouriezh]], [[kenberc'hennouriezh]], [[stadouriezh]], [[emelouriezh sokial]] ha [[steuñverezh]]. Ouzhpenn-se e vez enebet ar faskouriezh ouzh ar [[frankizouriezh klasel]] hag ar [[komunouriezh|gomunouriezh]]<ref name="eatwellhist">{{cite book | last =Eatwell | first =Roger| title =Fascism: A History| publisher =University of Michigan| url =http://books.google.com/books?id=x3U6AAAAMAAJ&q=fascism+eatwell&dq=fascism+eatwell&pgis=1|isbn=071399147X}}</ref><ref name="natureoffascismo">{{cite book | last =Griffin| first =Roger | title =The Nature of Fascism| publisher =Palgrave Macmillan| url =http://books.google.com/books?id=fcn5ZtaPc7oC&dq=%22third+way%22+fascism+eatwell&lr= | isbn =0312071329}}</ref><ref name="anatomnyfascismo">{{cite book | last =Paxton | first =Robert | title =The Anatomy of Fascism| publisher =Vintage Books| url =http://books.google.com/books?id=oGMfAAAACAAJ&dq=The+Anatomy+of+Fascism| isbn =1400033918}}</ref><ref name="paynee">{{cite book | last = Payne | first =Stanley | title =A History of Fascism, 1914-45| publisher =University of Wisconsin Press| url =http://books.google.com/books?id=NLiFIEdI1V4C&dq=A+History+of+Fascism+payne&lr=&source=gbs_summary_s&cad=0 | isbn =0299148742}}</ref><ref name="threefacesof">{{cite book | last =Nolte | first =Ernst | title =Three Faces of Fascism: Action Française, Italian Fascism and National Socialism| publisher =Holt, Rinehart and Winston| url =http://books.google.com/books?id=xX9AAAAAIAAJ&q=three+faces+of+fascism&dq=three+faces+of+fascism&pgis=1}}</ref><ref name="reheres">{{cite book | last =Fritzsche| first =Peter | title =Rehearsals for Fascism: Populism and Political Mobilization in Weimar Germany| publisher =Oxford University Press| url =http://books.google.com/books?id=xX9AAAAAIAAJ&q=three+faces+of+fascism&dq=three+faces+of+fascism&pgis=1 | isbn=0195057805}}</ref><ref name="britannicacollect">{{cite news|url=http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9024764|publisher=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]|title=Collectivism |date=[[8 |
Perzhioù liesek a ro ar glaskourien d'ar faskouriezh, met an elfennoù-mañ a vez gwelet evel elfennoù diazez : [[broadelouriezh]], [[milouriezh]], [[diktatouriezh]],[[aotrouniegezh]], [[poblelouriezh]], [[kenberc'hennouriezh]], [[stadouriezh]], [[emelouriezh sokial]] ha [[steuñverezh]].<br />Ouzhpenn-se e vez enebet ar faskouriezh ouzh ar [[frankizouriezh klasel]] hag ar [[komunouriezh|gomunouriezh]]<ref name="eatwellhist">{{cite book | last =Eatwell | first =Roger| title =''Fascism: A History''| publisher =University of Michigan| url =http://books.google.com/books?id=x3U6AAAAMAAJ&q=fascism+eatwell&dq=fascism+eatwell&pgis=1|isbn=071399147X}}</ref><ref name="natureoffascismo">{{cite book | last =Griffin| first =Roger | title =''The Nature of Fascism''| publisher =Palgrave Macmillan| url =http://books.google.com/books?id=fcn5ZtaPc7oC&dq=%22third+way%22+fascism+eatwell&lr= | isbn =0312071329}}</ref><ref name="anatomnyfascismo">{{cite book | last =Paxton | first =Robert | title =''The Anatomy of Fascism''| publisher =Vintage Books| url =http://books.google.com/books?id=oGMfAAAACAAJ&dq=The+Anatomy+of+Fascism| isbn =1400033918}}</ref><ref name="paynee">{{cite book | last = Payne | first =Stanley | title =''A History of Fascism, 1914-45''| publisher =University of Wisconsin Press| url =http://books.google.com/books?id=NLiFIEdI1V4C&dq=A+History+of+Fascism+payne&lr=&source=gbs_summary_s&cad=0 | isbn =0299148742}}</ref><ref name="threefacesof">{{cite book | last =Nolte | first =Ernst | title =''Three Faces of Fascism: Action Française, Italian Fascism and National Socialism''| publisher =Holt, Rinehart and Winston| url =http://books.google.com/books?id=xX9AAAAAIAAJ&q=three+faces+of+fascism&dq=three+faces+of+fascism&pgis=1}}</ref><ref name="reheres">{{cite book | last =Fritzsche| first =Peter | title =''Rehearsals for Fascism: Populism and Political Mobilization in Weimar Germany''| publisher =Oxford University Press| url =http://books.google.com/books?id=xX9AAAAAIAAJ&q=three+faces+of+fascism&dq=three+faces+of+fascism&pgis=1 | isbn=0195057805}}</ref><ref name="britannicacollect">{{cite news|url=http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9024764|publisher=''[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]''|title=''Collectivism'' |date=[[8 a viz Genver]] [[2008]]}}</ref> |
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== Daveoù == |
== Daveoù == |
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=== Skrivagnerien faskour === |
=== Skrivagnerien faskour === |
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* Gentile, Giovanni – 1932 – ''The Doctrine of Fascism'' – Enciclopedia Italiana. |
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* Mosley, Oswald – 1968 – ''My Life'' – Nelson Publications. |
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* [[Benito Mussolini|Mussolini, Benito]] – 1998 – ''My Rise And Fall '' – Da Capo Press – ISBN 978-0-306-80864-7. |
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* Mussolini, Benito – 2006 – ''My Autobiography: With "The Political and Social Doctrine of Fascism"'' – Dover Publications – ISBN 978-0-486-44777-3. |
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* [[Benito Mussolini|Mussolini, Benito]]. 2006. ''My Autobiography: With "The Political and Social Doctrine of Fascism"''. Dover Publications. ISBN 0486447774 |
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=== Klaskourien === |
=== Klaskourien === |
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⚫ | * De Felice, Renzo – 1978 – ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=ia2BdNGHRYoC&pg=PP1&dq=Fascism+:+an+informal+introduction+to+its+theory+and+practice&lr=&sig=ACfU3U1uWnBOMKbE48eeyWoDBvGW1UIe5Q Fascism: An Informal Introduction to Its Theory and Practice]'' – Transaction Books – ISBN 978-0-87855-619-9. |
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* Goldberg, Jonah – 2007 – ''Liberal Fascism: The Secret History of the American Left, from Mussolini to the Politics of Meaning'' – New York: Doubleday – ISBN 978-0-385-51184-1. |
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⚫ | * Vatikiotis, Panayiotis J. – 1988 – ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=mT5DO_cVSfMC&dq=Popular+Autocracy+in+Greece,+1936-1941:+A+Political+Biography+of+General+Ioannis+Metaxas&lr=&source=gbs_summary_s&cad=0 Popular Autocracy in Greece, 1936-1941: A Political Biography of General Ioannis Metaxas]'' – Routledge – ISBN 978-0-7146-4869-9. |
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{{Daveoù|bannoù=2}} |
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⚫ | * Vatikiotis, Panayiotis J. 1988 |
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* [[Jonah Goldberg|Goldberg, Jonah]]. 2007. ''[[Liberal Fascism]]''. New York: Doubleday. ISBN 0385511841 |
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{{reflist|2}} |
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{{Ideologiezh}} |
{{Ideologiezh}} |
Stumm eus an 6 Mae 2015 da 20:57
Ar Faskouriezh a zo un ideologiezh aotrouniek ha broadelour he deus aon rak un doare diskar sevenadurel ha broadel, hag a fell dezhi lakaat da darzhañ un adsavadeg vroadel dre uhelaat ar mennozhioù a ouenn hag a vroad ha dre luskañ an nerzh, an unvaniezh hag ar glander. [1][2][3][4][5]
Perzhioù liesek a ro ar glaskourien d'ar faskouriezh, met an elfennoù-mañ a vez gwelet evel elfennoù diazez : broadelouriezh, milouriezh, diktatouriezh,aotrouniegezh, poblelouriezh, kenberc'hennouriezh, stadouriezh, emelouriezh sokial ha steuñverezh.
Ouzhpenn-se e vez enebet ar faskouriezh ouzh ar frankizouriezh klasel hag ar gomunouriezh[6][2][1][7][8][9][10]
Orin an anv
Dont a ra ar ger eus an italianeg fascimo, deveret eus fascio, ar feskenn (kenstrollad gwalinier ha bouc'hal) a veze douget gant al lictores en amzer Roma Gozh.
Daveoù
Skrivagnerien faskour
- Ciano, Galeazzo – 1945 – The Ciano Diaries, 1939—1943 – Simon Publications – ISBN 978-1-931313-74-2.
- De Oliveira Salazar, António – 1939 – Doctrine and Action: Internal and Foreign Policy of the New Portugal, 1928-1939 – Faber and Faber.
- Gentile, Giovanni – 1932 – The Doctrine of Fascism – Enciclopedia Italiana.
- Mosley, Oswald – 1968 – My Life – Nelson Publications.
- Mussolini, Benito – 1998 – My Rise And Fall – Da Capo Press – ISBN 978-0-306-80864-7.
- Mussolini, Benito – 2006 – My Autobiography: With "The Political and Social Doctrine of Fascism" – Dover Publications – ISBN 978-0-486-44777-3.
- Primo de Rivera, Antonio – 1971 – Textos de Doctrina Politica – Madrid.
Klaskourien
- Baker, David – The political economy of fascism: Myth or reality, or myth and reality? – New Political Economy, Vol. 11, No 02/06/2006, pp. 227 – 250.
- Ben-Am, Shlomo, 1983 – Fascism from Above: The Dictatorship of Primo de Rivera in Spain, 1923-1930 – Oxford University Press – ISBN 978-0-19-822596-6.
- Costa Pinto, António – 1996 – Salazar's Dictatorship and European Fascism: Problems of Interpretation – Social Science Monographs – ISBN 978-0-88033-968-1.
- De Felice, Renzo – 1977 – Interpretations of Fascism – Harvard University Press – ISBN 978-0-674-45962-5.
- De Felice, Renzo – 1978 – Fascism: An Informal Introduction to Its Theory and Practice – Transaction Books – ISBN 978-0-87855-619-9.
- Eatwell, Roger]] – 1996 – Fascism: A History – New York: Allen Lane.
- Fritzsche, Peter – 1990 – Rehearsals for Fascism: Populism and Political Mobilization in Weimar Germany – New York: Oxford University Press – ISBN 978-0-19-505780-5.
- Goldberg, Jonah – 2007 – Liberal Fascism: The Secret History of the American Left, from Mussolini to the Politics of Meaning – New York: Doubleday – ISBN 978-0-385-51184-1.
- Griffin, Roger – 1991 – The Nature of Fascism – New York: St. Martin’s Press.
- Griffin, Roger – 2000 – Revolution from the Right: Fascism, pennad e David Parker (emb.), Revolutions and the Revolutionary Tradition in the West 1560-1991 – Routledge, London.
- Griffiths, Richard – 2001 – An Intelligent Person's Guide to Fascism – Duckworth – ISBN 978-0-7156-2918-5.
- Kallis, Aristotle A. – To Expand or Not to Expand? Territory, Generic Fascism and the Quest for an
Ideal Fatherland
– Journal of Contemporary History, Vol. 38, No. 2. (Apr., 2003), pp. 237-260. - Lewis, Paul H. – 2002 – Latin Fascist Elites: The Mussolini, Franco, and Salazar Regimes – Greenwood Publishing Group – ISBN 978-0-313-01334-8.
- Laqueur, Walter – 1966 – Fascism: Past, Present, Future – New York: Oxford University Press – ISBN 978-0-19-511793-6.
- Nolte, Ernst – The Three Faces Of Fascism: Action Française, Italian Fascism, National Socialism – London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson – 1965.
- Paxton, Robert – 2005 – The Anatomy of Fascism – Vintage Books – ISBN 978-1-4000-3391-1.
- Payne, Stanley G. – 1966 – Falange: A History of Spanish Fascism – Stanford University Press – ISBN 978-0-8047-0059-7.
- Payne, Stanley G. – 1987 – The Franco Regime, 1936-1975 – University of Wisconsin Press – ISBN 978-0-299-11070-3.
- Payne, Stanley G. – 1995 – A History of Fascism, 1914-45 – University of Wisconsin Press – ISBN 978-0-299-14874-4.
- Reich, Wilhelm – 1970 – The Mass Psychology of Fascism – New York: Farrar, Straus & Giroux.
- Sauer, Wolfgang – National Socialism: totalitarianism or fascism?, pp. 404-424 e The American Historical Review, Vol. 73, No. 2, Kerzu 1967.
- Seldes, George – 1935 – Sawdust Caesar: The Untold History of Mussolini and Fascism – New York & London: Harper and Brothers.
- Sohn-Rethel, Alfred – 1978 – Economy and Class Structure of German Fascism – London, CSE Books – ISBN 978-0-906336-00-7.
- Sternhell, Zeev & Sznajder, Mario & Asheri, Maia – [1989] 1994 – The Birth of Fascist Ideology, From Cultural Rebellion to Political Revolution. – Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
- Vatikiotis, Panayiotis J. – 1988 – Popular Autocracy in Greece, 1936-1941: A Political Biography of General Ioannis Metaxas – Routledge – ISBN 978-0-7146-4869-9.
- Weber, Eugen – [1964] 1985 – Varieties of Fascism: Doctrines of Revolution in the Twentieth Century – New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold Company – Pennadoù zo diwar-benn luskadoù faskour e lies broioù.
Notennoù
- ↑ 1,0 ha1,1 Paxton, Robert. The Anatomy of Fascism. Vintage Books. ISBN 1400033918. Fazi arroud : Balizenn
<ref>
faziek; anv "anatomnyfascismo$ spisaet meur a wech gant danvez disheñvel - ↑ 2,0 ha2,1 Griffin, Roger. The Nature of Fascism. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 0312071329. Fazi arroud : Balizenn
<ref>
faziek; anv "natureoffascismo$ spisaet meur a wech gant danvez disheñvel - ↑ "Fascism", Encyclopædia Britannica (8 a viz Genver 2008).
- ↑ Passmore, Kevin. Fascism: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0192801554.
- ↑ Laqueuer, Walter. Fascism: Past, Present, Future. Oxford University Press. ISBN 019511793X.
- ↑ Eatwell, Roger. Fascism: A History. University of Michigan. ISBN 071399147X.
- ↑ Payne, Stanley. A History of Fascism, 1914-45. University of Wisconsin Press. ISBN 0299148742.
- ↑ Nolte, Ernst. Three Faces of Fascism: Action Française, Italian Fascism and National Socialism. Holt, Rinehart and Winston.
- ↑ Fritzsche, Peter. Rehearsals for Fascism: Populism and Political Mobilization in Weimar Germany. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0195057805.
- ↑ "Collectivism", Encyclopædia Britannica (8 a viz Genver 2008).
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