Restr:Roman Baths in Bath, England - Image Picture Photography (14701202138).jpg
Restr orin (5 616 × 3 744 piksel, ment ar restr : 13,12 Mio, seurt MIME : image/jpeg)
Tennet eo ar restr-mañ eus Wikimedia Commons ha gallout a ra bezañ implijet evit raktresoù all. Diskouezet eo deskrivadur he fajenn zeskrivañ amañ dindan. |
Diverradur
DeskrivadurRoman Baths in Bath, England - Image Picture Photography (14701202138).jpg |
The Roman Baths complex is a site of historical interest in the English city of Bath. The house is a well-preserved Roman site for public bathing. The Roman Baths themselves are below the modern street level. There are four main features: the Sacred Spring, the Roman Temple, the Roman Bath House and the Museum holding finds from Roman Bath. The buildings above street level date from the 19th century. The Baths are a major tourist attraction and, together with the Grand Pump Room, receive more than one million visitors a year, with 1,037,518 people during 2009. It was featured on the 2005 TV program Seven Natural Wonders as one of the wonders of the West Country. Visitors can see the Baths and Museum but cannot enter the water. An audio guide is available in several languages. The water which bubbles up from the ground at Bath falls as rain on the nearby Mendip Hills. It percolates down through limestone aquifers to a depth of between 2,700 and 4,300 metres (8,900 and 14,100 ft) where geothermal energy raises the water temperature to between 64 and 96 °C (147.2 and 204.8 °F). Under pressure, the heated water rises to the surface along fissures and faults in the limestone. This process is similar to an artificial one known as Enhanced Geothermal System which also makes use of the high pressures and temperatures below the Earth's crust. Hot water at a temperature of 46 °C (114.8 °F) rises here at the rate of 1,170,000 litres (257,364 imp gal) every day, from a geological fault (the Pennyquick fault). In 1983 a new spa water bore-hole was sunk, providing a clean and safe supply of spa water for drinking in the Pump Room. The first shrine at the site of the hot springs was built by Celts, and was dedicated to the goddess Sulis, whom the Romans identified with Minerva. Geoffrey of Monmouth in his largely fictional Historia Regum Britanniae describes how in 836 BC the spring was discovered by the British king Bladud who built the first baths. Early in the 18th century Geoffrey's obscure legend was given great prominence as a royal endorsement of the waters' qualities, with the embellishment that the spring had cured Bladud and his herd of pigs of leprosy through wallowing in the warm mud. The name Sulis continued to be used after the Roman invasion, leading to the town's Roman name of Aquae Sulis ("the waters of Sulis"). The temple was constructed in 60-70 AD and the bathing complex was gradually built up over the next 300 years. During the Roman occupation of Britain, and possibly on the instructions of Emperor Claudius,[10] engineers drove oak piles to provide a stable foundation into the mud and surrounded the spring with an irregular stone chamber lined with lead. In the 2nd century it was enclosed within a wooden barrel-vaulted building, and included the caldarium (hot bath), tepidarium (warm bath), and frigidarium (cold bath). After the Roman withdrawal from Britain in the first decade of the 5th century, these fell into disrepair and were eventually lost due to silting up, and flooding. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle suggests the original Roman baths were destroyed in the 6th century. About 130 curse tablets have been found. Many of the curses related to thefts of clothes whilst the victim was bathing. he baths have been modified on several occasions, including the 12th century when John of Tours built a curative bath over the King's Spring reservoir and the 16th century when the city corporation built a new bath (Queen's Bath) to the south of the Spring. The spring is now housed in 18th-century buildings, designed by architects John Wood, the Elder and John Wood, the Younger, father and son. Visitors drank the waters in the Grand Pump Room, a neo-classical salon which remains in use, both for taking the waters and for social functions. Victorian expansion of the baths complex followed the neo-classical tradition established by the Woods. In 1810 the Hot Springs failed and William Smith opened up the Hot Bath Spring to the bottom, where he found that the spring had not failed but had flowed into a new channel. Smith restored the water to its original course and the Baths filled in less time than formerly. The visitor entrance is via an 1897 concert hall by J M Brydon. It is an eastward continuation of the Grand Pump Room with a glass-domed centre and single-storey radiused corner. The Grand Pump Room was begun in 1789 by Thomas Baldwin. He resigned in 1791 and John Palmer continued the scheme until its completion in 1799. The elevation on to Abbey Church Yard has a centre piece of four engaged Corinthian columns with entablatures and pediment. It has been designated by English Heritage as a grade I listed building.[19] The north colonnade was also designed by Thomas Baldwin. The south colonnade is similar but had an upper floor added in the late 19th century. The museum and Queen's Bath including the "Bridge" spanning York Street to the City Laundry were by Charles Edward Davis in 1889. It comprises a southward extension to the Grand Pump Room, in which some remains of the C17 Queen's Bath are merged. Bath was charged with responsibility for the hot springs in a Royal Charter of 1591 granted by Elizabeth I. This duty has now passed to Bath and North East Somerset Council, who carry out monitoring of pressure, temperature and flow rates. The thermal waters contain sodium, calcium, chloride and sulphate ions in high concentrations. The water that flows through the Roman Baths is considered unsafe for bathing, partly due to its having passed through the still-functioning original lead pipes, and up until World War II, it was advertised on the basis of the radioactivity it contained. However, the more significant danger is now considered to be infectious diseases. In October 1978, a young girl swimming with the Bath Dolphins, a local swimming club, in the restored Roman Bath contracted meningitis and died, leading to the closure of the bath for several years. Tests showed that Naegleria fowleri, an amoeba, was in the water. The newly constructed Thermae Bath Spa nearby, designed by Nicholas Grimshaw and Partners, and the refurbished Cross Bath allow modern-day bathers to experience the waters via a series of more recently drilled boreholes. |
Deiziad | |
Mammenn | Roman Baths in Bath, England - Image Picture Photography |
Aozer | Grand Parc - Bordeaux, France from France |
Lec’h luc’hskeudennerez | 51° 22′ 43″ N, 2° 21′ 29,97″ K | Gwelet al lec’h-se e : OpenStreetMap | 51.378611; -2.358326 |
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Aotre-implijout
- Gallout a rit :
- eskemm – eilañ, skignañ ha treuzkas an oberenn-mañ
- kemmañ – azasaat an oberenn-mañ
- diouzh ma heuilhit kement-mañ :
- deroadenn – Rankout a rit reiñ an titouroù perc'henniezh rekis diwar-benn an aozer, pourchas ul liamm war-zu an aotre-implijout ha merkañ hag-eñ ez eus bet graet kemmoù. Gallout a rit en ober en un doare reizh met hep lakaat da grediñ ez oc'h bet aprouet gantañ pe ez eo aprouet gantañ implij an oberenn-mañ.
This image was originally posted to Flickr by Grand Parc - Bordeaux, France at https://www.flickr.com/photos/80641068@N07/14701202138. It was reviewed on 15 Kerzu 2014 by FlickreviewR and was confirmed to be licensed under the terms of the cc-by-2.0. |
15 Kerzu 2014
Items portrayed in this file
diskouez a ra
some value
coordinates of the point of view saozneg
51°22'43.000"N, 2°21'29.974"W
31 Gou 2014
captured with saozneg
Canon EOS 5D Mark II saozneg
Istor ar restr
Klikañ war un deiziad/eur da welet ar restr evel ma oa da neuze.
Deiziad/Eur | Munud | Mentoù | Implijer | Notenn | |
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red | 15 Kzu 2014 da 20:30 | 5 616 × 3 744 (13,12 Mio) | Medium69 | Transferred from Flickr via Flickr2Commons |
Implij ar restr
Pajenn ebet ne implij ar restr-mañ.
Metaroadennoù
Titouroù ouzhpenn zo er restr-mañ; bet lakaet moarvat gant ar c'hamera niverel pe ar skanner implijet evit he niverelaat. Mard eo bet cheñchet ar skeudenn e-keñver he stad orin marteze ne vo ket kenkoulz munudoù zo e-keñver ar skeudenn kemmet.
Oberier ar benveg | Canon |
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Doare ar benveg | Canon EOS 5D Mark II |
Amzer louc'hañ | 1/25 eilenn (0,04) |
Hed etre sti | f/6,3 |
Kizidigezh ISO | 200 |
Deiziad hag eur ar sevel roadoù | 31 Gou 2014 da 21:32 |
Hirder ar fokalenn | 24 mm |
Pizhder led ar skeudenn | 240 dpi |
Pizhder hed ar skeudenn | 240 dpi |
Meziant bet implijet | Adobe Photoshop Lightroom 4.3 (Windows) |
Deiziad hag eur kemm restr | 11 Eos 2014 da 19:19 |
Programm louc'hañ | Dre zorn |
Stumm exif | 2.3 |
Deiziad hag eur an niverelaat | 31 Gou 2014 da 21:32 |
Tizh ar c'hlozer APEX | 4,643856 |
Digorder APEX | 5,310704 |
Reizhadenn louc'hañ | 0 |
Maezienn digeriñ vrasañ | 4 APEX (f/4) |
Doare muzuliañ | Spot |
Luc'h | Tamm luc'h ebet, tennañ an taol luc'h dre ret |
Deiziad an dennadenn orin | 35 |
Deiziad niverelaat | 35 |
Muzuliadur a-led ur fokalenn blaen | 3 849,2117888965 |
Muzuliadur a-serzh ur fokalenn blaen | 3 908,1419624217 |
Unanenn spisder evit ur fokalenn blaen | meudad |
Plediñ gant ar skeudennoù personelaet | Plediñ boutin |
Mod louc'hañ | Louc'hañ dre zorn |
Mentel ar gwennoù | Mentel ar gwennoù dre zorn |
Doare pakañ an arvest | Standard |
Niverenn rummad ar benveg | 4061810626 |
Ferenn bet implijet | EF24-105mm f/4L IS USM |
Deiziad ma voe kemmet ar metaroadennoù da ziwezhañ | 11 Eos 2014 da 21:19 |
ID nemetañ an teul orin | 9449A85BE00A02AC1770F38E8AABEC69 |
Stumm IIM | 4 |