Rhys ap Gruffudd : diforc'h etre ar stummoù
Endalc’h diverket Danvez ouzhpennet
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Priñs Kembre ha [[Roue ar Vrezhoned]] a zo bet graet anezhañ e dihelloù zo. |
Priñs Kembre ha [[Roue ar Vrezhoned]] a zo bet graet anezhañ e dihelloù zo. |
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Anavet eo evel ''Yr Arglwydd Rhys'' (an aotrou Rhys) ha breur e oa d'ar briñsez [[Nest]]. |
Anavet eo evel ''Yr Arglwydd Rhys'' (an aotrou Rhys) ha breur e oa d'ar briñsez [[Nest ferch Rhys]]. |
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|caption =Effigy of Rhys ap Gruffydd at [[St. Davids Cathedral]] |
|caption =Effigy of Rhys ap Gruffydd at [[St. Davids Cathedral]] |
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|reign =1155-1197 |
|reign =1155-1197 |
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|spouse =Gwenllian ferch Madog |
|spouse =Gwenllian ferch Madog |
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|issue =[[Gruffydd ap Rhys II]]<br />[[Maelgwn ap Rhys]]<br />[[Rhys Gryg]]<br />Hywel ap Rhys<br />Gwenllian ferch Rhys<br />Angharad ferch Rhys<br />and others |
|issue =[[Gruffydd ap Rhys II]]<br />[[Maelgwn ap Rhys]]<br />[[Rhys Gryg]]<br />Hywel ap Rhys<br />Gwenllian ferch Rhys<br />Angharad ferch Rhys<br />and others |
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|full name = |
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|titles = |
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|royal house =[[House of Dinefwr]] |
|royal house =[[House of Dinefwr]] |
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|father =[[Gruffydd ap Rhys]] |
|father =[[Gruffydd ap Rhys]] |
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|mother =[[Gwenllian ferch Gruffydd]] |
|mother =[[Gwenllian ferch Gruffydd]] |
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|date of birth =c. 1132 |
|date of birth =c. 1132 |
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|place of birth = |
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|date of death =28 April 1197 |
|date of death =28 April 1197 |
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|place of burial = |
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in [[Welsh language|Welsh]] ''Yr Arglwydd Rhys'', but this title may not have been used in his lifetime.<ref>Turvey pp. 91–2</ref> |
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He usually used the title "Prince of [[Deheubarth]]" or "Prince of South Wales", but two documents have been preserved in which he uses the title "[[Prince of Wales]]" or "[[King of the Britons|Prince of the Welsh]]".<ref>In a charter concerning a grant to Chertsey Abbey he uses ''princeps Wall[ie]'' while a charter dated 1184 concerning Strata Florida Abbey uses ''Walliar[um] princeps''. See Pryce pp. 96–7, 168–9, 171–4</ref> Rhys was one of the most successful and powerful [[Wales|Welsh]] princes, and after the death of [[Owain Gwynedd]] of [[Kingdom of Gwynedd|Gwynedd]] in 1170 was the dominant power in Wales. |
He usually used the title "Prince of [[Deheubarth]]" or "Prince of South Wales", but two documents have been preserved in which he uses the title "[[Prince of Wales]]" or "[[King of the Britons|Prince of the Welsh]]".<ref>In a charter concerning a grant to Chertsey Abbey he uses ''princeps Wall[ie]'' while a charter dated 1184 concerning Strata Florida Abbey uses ''Walliar[um] princeps''. See Pryce pp. 96–7, 168–9, 171–4</ref> Rhys was one of the most successful and powerful [[Wales|Welsh]] princes, and after the death of [[Owain Gwynedd]] of [[Kingdom of Gwynedd|Gwynedd]] in 1170 was the dominant power in Wales. |
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Rhys's grandfather, [[Rhys ap Tewdwr]], was king of Deheubarth, and was killed at [[Brecon]] in 1093 by [[Bernard de Neufmarche]]. Following his death, most of Deheubarth was taken over by the [[Normans]]. Rhys's father, [[Gruffydd ap Rhys]], was eventually able to become ruler of a small portion, and more territory was won back by Rhys's older brothers after Gruffydd's death. Rhys became ruler of Deheubarth in 1155. He was forced to submit to King [[Henry II of England]] in 1158. Henry invaded Deheubarth in 1163, stripped Rhys of all his lands and took him prisoner. A few weeks later he was released and given back a small part of his holdings. Rhys made an alliance with Owain Gwynedd and after the failure of another invasion of Wales by Henry in 1165 was able to win back most of his lands. |
Rhys's grandfather, [[Rhys ap Tewdwr]], was king of Deheubarth, and was killed at [[Brecon]] in 1093 by [[Bernard de Neufmarche]]. |
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Following his death, most of Deheubarth was taken over by the [[Normans]]. Rhys's father, [[Gruffydd ap Rhys]], was eventually able to become ruler of a small portion, and more territory was won back by Rhys's older brothers after Gruffydd's death. Rhys became ruler of Deheubarth in 1155. He was forced to submit to King [[Henry II of England]] in 1158. Henry invaded Deheubarth in 1163, stripped Rhys of all his lands and took him prisoner. A few weeks later he was released and given back a small part of his holdings. Rhys made an alliance with Owain Gwynedd and after the failure of another invasion of Wales by Henry in 1165 was able to win back most of his lands. |
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In 1171 Rhys made peace with King Henry and was confirmed in possession of his recent conquests as well as being named Justiciar of South Wales. He maintained good relations with King Henry until the latter's death in 1189. Following Henry's death Rhys revolted against [[Richard I of England|Richard I]] and attacked the Norman lordships surrounding his territory, capturing a number of castles. In his later years Rhys had trouble keeping control of his sons, particularly [[Maelgwn ap Rhys|Maelgwn]] and [[Gruffydd ap Rhys II|Gruffydd]], who maintained a feud with each other. Rhys launched his last campaign against the Normans in 1196 and captured a number of castles. The following year he died unexpectedly and was buried in [[St David's Cathedral]]. |
In 1171 Rhys made peace with King Henry and was confirmed in possession of his recent conquests as well as being named Justiciar of South Wales. He maintained good relations with King Henry until the latter's death in 1189. Following Henry's death Rhys revolted against [[Richard I of England|Richard I]] and attacked the Norman lordships surrounding his territory, capturing a number of castles. In his later years Rhys had trouble keeping control of his sons, particularly [[Maelgwn ap Rhys|Maelgwn]] and [[Gruffydd ap Rhys II|Gruffydd]], who maintained a feud with each other. Rhys launched his last campaign against the Normans in 1196 and captured a number of castles. The following year he died unexpectedly and was buried in [[St David's Cathedral]]. |
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Stumm eus an 1 Mez 2009 da 08:39
Rhys ap Gruffudd (1132 – 28 a viz Ebrel 1197) a oa ur priñs kembreat a renas e Deheubarth adal 1155 betek e varv, hag a stourmas a-enep an Normaned ha Herri II, roue Bro-Saoz.
Priñs Kembre ha Roue ar Vrezhoned a zo bet graet anezhañ e dihelloù zo.
Anavet eo evel Yr Arglwydd Rhys (an aotrou Rhys) ha breur e oa d'ar briñsez Nest ferch Rhys.
Levrlennadurezh
Dihelloù
- Giraldus Cambrensis. 1908. The Itinerary through Wales; Description of Wales. Edited and translated by R.C. Hoare. Everyman's Library. ISBN 0-460-00272-4
- Giraldus Cambrensis. 1861–91. Giraldi Cambrensis: opera ed. J.S. Brewer. (Rolls Series). 8 vols. Longman, Green, Longman & Roberts.
- Jones, T., ed. 1941. Brut y Tywysogion: Peniarth MS. 20. University of Wales Press.
- Pryce, H., ed. 2005. The Acts of Welsh rulers 1120–1283. University of Wales Press. ISBN 0-7083-1897-5
Istor
- Bartrum, P.C. 1966. Early Welsh genealogical tracts. University of Wales Press.
- Carr, A. D. 1995. Medieval Wales. Macmillan. ISBN 0-333-54773-X
- Cowley, F.G. 1977. The monastic order in South Wales 1066–1349 University of Wales Press. ISBN 0-7083-0942-9
- Davies, R. R. 1987. Conquest, coexistence and change: Wales 1063–1415 Clarendon Press, University of Wales Press. ISBN 0-19-821732-3
- Jones, F. 1969. God bless the Prince of Wales: four essays for investiture year Carmarthenshire Community Council (Local History Committee). ISBN 0-9500534-0-6
- Lloyd, J. E. 1911. A history of Wales from the earliest times to the Edwardian conquest. Longmans, Green & Co..
- Maund, K. 2006. The Welsh kings: warriors, warlords and princes. Tempus. ISBN 0-7524-2973-6
- Moore, D. 2005. The Welsh wars of independence: c.410-c.1415. Tempus. ISBN 0-7524-3321-0
- Rees, D. 1985. The son of prophecy: Henry Tudor's road to Bosworth. Black Raven Press. ISBN 0-85159-005-5
- Rees, S. 1992. Dyfed (A guide to ancient and historic Wales series). HMSO. ISBN 0-11-701220-3
- Turvey, R. 1997, The Lord Rhys: Prince of Deheubarth. Gomer. ISBN 1-85902-430-0
- Warren, W.L. 1973 Henry II. Eyre Methuen. ISBN 0-413-25580-8
- Williams, J.E.C. 1976. "Aberteifi, 1176". Taliesin 32, pp. 30-5
- Gwynfor Evans, Yr Arglwydd Rhys, Tywysog Deheubarth (Caernarfon, 1982)
- Roger Turvey The Lord Rhys: Prince of Deheubarth (Gwasg Gomer) ISBN 1-85-902430-0
- Y Bywgraffiadur Cymreig hyd 1940, d.g. Rhys ap Gruffudd.