Rontder (yezhoniezh) : diforc'h etre ar stummoù
Neal (kaozeal | degasadennoù) DDiverradenn ebet eus ar c'hemm |
Neal (kaozeal | degasadennoù) DDiverradenn ebet eus ar c'hemm |
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Er [[yezhoniezh]] e vez implijet an termen '''rontder''' ([[saozneg|saoz.]]: [[:en:Roundedness|''roundedness'']]) war tachenn ar [[fonologiezh]] hag ar [[fonetik]] evit komz eus un doare [[gweuzadur]] vogalennek ma vez rontaet an diweuz pa vez distaget ur [[vogalenn]]. |
Er [[yezhoniezh]] e vez implijet an termen '''rontder''' ([[saozneg|saoz.]]: [[:en:Roundedness|''roundedness'']]) war tachenn ar [[fonologiezh]] hag ar [[fonetik]] evit komz eus un doare [[gweuzadur]] vogalennek ma vez rontaet an diweuz pa vez distaget ur [[vogalenn]]. |
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Pa vez distaget ur vogalenn ront e vez digoret an diweuz e stumm ur ront keit ha ma vezont $relaxed pa vez distaget ur vogalenn blaen pe nann-ront. |
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When pronouncing a ''rounded'' vowel, the lips form a circular opening, while ''unrounded'' vowels (also called ''spread'' vowels) are pronounced with the lips relaxed. In most languages, [[front vowel]]s tend to be unrounded, while [[back vowel]]s tend to be rounded. But some languages, such as [[French language|French]] and [[German language|German]], distinguish rounded and unrounded front vowels of the same [[vowel height|height]], while [[Vietnamese language|Vietnamese]] distinguishes rounded and unrounded back vowels of the same height. |
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Implijet e vez kentoc'h an termen [[gweuzadur]] pa gomzer eus ar fed ma vez rontaet pe get ur [[kensonenn|kensonenn]]. |
Implijet e vez kentoc'h an termen [[gweuzadur]] pa gomzer eus ar fed ma vez rontaet pe get ur [[kensonenn|kensonenn]]. |
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E darn vrasañ eus [[yezh|yezhoù]] ar bed e vez plaen ar [[vogalenn a-raok|vogalennoù a-raok]] keit ha ma vez ront ar [[vogalenn a-dreñv|vogalennoù a-dreñv]], setu perak e vez isrannet ar vogalennoù etre '''[[vogalennoù a gentañ renk]]''' (plaen hag a-raok mui ront hag a-dreñv) ha '''[[vogalennoù a gentañ renk|vogalennoù a eil renk]]''' (ront hag a-raok mui plaen hag a-dreñv). |
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In the [[International Phonetic Alphabet]] vowel chart, rounded vowels are the ones that occur on the right in each pair of vowels. There are also diacritics, respectively {{IPA|ɔ̹ ɔ̜}}, to indicate greater or lesser degrees of rounding. The 'more' and 'less rounded' diacritics are sometimes also used with consonants to indicate degrees of labialization. For example, in the [[Athabaskan languages|Athabaskan language]] [[Hupa language|Hupa]], [[voiceless velar fricative]]s distinguish three degrees of labialization, transcribed either {{IPA|[x x̹ xʷ]}} or {{IPA|[x x̜ʷ xʷ]}}. The [[Extended IPA]] has two additional symbols for degrees of rounding: spread {{IPA|[ə͍]}} and open-rounded {{IPA|[ʒ<sup>œ</sup>]}}. |
In the [[International Phonetic Alphabet]] vowel chart, rounded vowels are the ones that occur on the right in each pair of vowels. There are also diacritics, respectively {{IPA|ɔ̹ ɔ̜}}, to indicate greater or lesser degrees of rounding. The 'more' and 'less rounded' diacritics are sometimes also used with consonants to indicate degrees of labialization. For example, in the [[Athabaskan languages|Athabaskan language]] [[Hupa language|Hupa]], [[voiceless velar fricative]]s distinguish three degrees of labialization, transcribed either {{IPA|[x x̹ xʷ]}} or {{IPA|[x x̜ʷ xʷ]}}. The [[Extended IPA]] has two additional symbols for degrees of rounding: spread {{IPA|[ə͍]}} and open-rounded {{IPA|[ʒ<sup>œ</sup>]}}. |
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Types of rounding |
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[[Image:Exoendo.png|left|200px|thumb|Lack of rounding, endolabial rounding and exolabial rounding, as portrayed by a speaker of Swedish.]] |
[[Image:Exoendo.png|left|200px|thumb|Lack of rounding, endolabial rounding and exolabial rounding, as portrayed by a speaker of Swedish.]] |
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There are two types of vowel rounding: endolabial, or ''compressed'', and exolabial, or ''protruded''. |
There are two types of vowel rounding: endolabial, or ''compressed'', and exolabial, or ''protruded''. |
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In endolabial rounding, the corners of the mouth are drawn slightly together and the lips may be compressed horizontally, but the lips do not protrude and only their outer surface is exposed. In exolabial rounding, the lips protrude like a tube, as when [[kiss]]ing; the inner surface of the lips is exposed. Usually, back rounded vowels are exolabial, while front rounded vowels are endolabial. However, in [[Japanese language|Japanese]], the back high vowel is endolabial. [[Swedish (language)|Swedish]] is unusual in that dialects of it make a [[phoneme|phonemic]] distinction between the two types, having unrounded, endolabial, and exolabial front [[close-mid vowel]]s. Some varieties of [[Dutch (language)|Dutch]] make the same distinction. There is no dedicated IPA diacritic to represent this contrast, and without disambiguation both the word "rounded" and the symbols for the rounded vowels are understood to refer to exolabial rounding. |
In endolabial rounding, the corners of the mouth are drawn slightly together and the lips may be compressed horizontally, but the lips do not protrude and only their outer surface is exposed. In exolabial rounding, the lips protrude like a tube, as when [[kiss]]ing; the inner surface of the lips is exposed. Usually, back rounded vowels are exolabial, while front rounded vowels are endolabial. However, in [[Japanese language|Japanese]], the back high vowel is endolabial. [[Swedish (language)|Swedish]] is unusual in that dialects of it make a [[phoneme|phonemic]] distinction between the two types, having unrounded, endolabial, and exolabial front [[close-mid vowel]]s. Some varieties of [[Dutch (language)|Dutch]] make the same distinction. There is no dedicated IPA diacritic to represent this contrast, and without disambiguation both the word "rounded" and the symbols for the rounded vowels are understood to refer to exolabial rounding. |
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The northern [[Iroquoian languages]] have no [[labial consonant]]s. They do have {{IPA|/w/}}, {{IPA|/gʷ/}}, and {{IPA|/kʷ/}}, but these do not involve noticeable rounding (protrusion) of the lips. It may be that they are purely [[Velar consonant|velar]] {{IPA|[ɰ, gᶭ, kᶭ]}}, but it is also possible that they are compressed. It is not known how this might relate to the labialization distinction in [[Hupa]]. |
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==Gwelit ivez:== |
==Gwelit ivez:== |
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Stumm eus an 25 Mez 2007 da 17:29
Un danvez pennad eo ar pennad-mañ ha labour zo d'ober c'hoazh a-raok e beurechuiñ.
Gallout a rit skoazellañ Wikipedia dre glokaat anezhañ.
Er yezhoniezh e vez implijet an termen rontder (saoz.: roundedness) war tachenn ar fonologiezh hag ar fonetik evit komz eus un doare gweuzadur vogalennek ma vez rontaet an diweuz pa vez distaget ur vogalenn.
Pa vez distaget ur vogalenn ront e vez digoret an diweuz e stumm ur ront keit ha ma vezont $relaxed pa vez distaget ur vogalenn blaen pe nann-ront.
Implijet e vez kentoc'h an termen gweuzadur pa gomzer eus ar fed ma vez rontaet pe get ur kensonenn.
E darn vrasañ eus yezhoù ar bed e vez plaen ar vogalennoù a-raok keit ha ma vez ront ar vogalennoù a-dreñv, setu perak e vez isrannet ar vogalennoù etre vogalennoù a gentañ renk (plaen hag a-raok mui ront hag a-dreñv) ha vogalennoù a eil renk (ront hag a-raok mui plaen hag a-dreñv).
In the International Phonetic Alphabet vowel chart, rounded vowels are the ones that occur on the right in each pair of vowels. There are also diacritics, respectively ɔ̹ ɔ̜, to indicate greater or lesser degrees of rounding. The 'more' and 'less rounded' diacritics are sometimes also used with consonants to indicate degrees of labialization. For example, in the Athabaskan language Hupa, voiceless velar fricatives distinguish three degrees of labialization, transcribed either [x x̹ xʷ] or [x x̜ʷ xʷ]. The Extended IPA has two additional symbols for degrees of rounding: spread [ə͍] and open-rounded [ʒœ].
Types of rounding
There are two types of vowel rounding: endolabial, or compressed, and exolabial, or protruded.
In endolabial rounding, the corners of the mouth are drawn slightly together and the lips may be compressed horizontally, but the lips do not protrude and only their outer surface is exposed. In exolabial rounding, the lips protrude like a tube, as when kissing; the inner surface of the lips is exposed. Usually, back rounded vowels are exolabial, while front rounded vowels are endolabial. However, in Japanese, the back high vowel is endolabial. Swedish is unusual in that dialects of it make a phonemic distinction between the two types, having unrounded, endolabial, and exolabial front close-mid vowels. Some varieties of Dutch make the same distinction. There is no dedicated IPA diacritic to represent this contrast, and without disambiguation both the word "rounded" and the symbols for the rounded vowels are understood to refer to exolabial rounding.
Gwelit ivez:
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Porched ar yezhoù hag ar skriturioù Adkavit pennadoù Wikipedia a denn d'ar yezhoù. |