Gwelet an tarzh evit Alexander Wilson

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'''Alexander Wilson''' ([[Pàislig|Paisley]], {{deiziad|6|Gouere|1766}} – [[Philadelphia]], {{deiziad|23|Eost|1813}}) a oa ur [[barzh]], un [[evnoniezh|evnoniour]], un [[skiantoù an natur|naturelour]] hag un treser [[Bro-Skos|skosat]] ha [[stadunanat]]. Da ''Father of American Ornithology'', "Tad an evnoniezh stadunanat" ez eo bet lakaet goude bezañ bet dilennet en ''American Philosophical Society'' e Philadelphia<ref>Hunter, ''op. cit.'', {{cite web|url=https://books.google.fr/books?id=exjawIGpsZsC&pg=PG111&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false |title=p. 111.|accessdate=25/10/2023}}</ref>, a-raok [[Jean-Jacques Audubon]] ([[1785]]-[[1851]]).

==Buhez==
Ganet e oa bet A. Wilson e Paisley, e [[Siorrachd Rinn Friù|Renfrewshire]], en un tiegezh [[presbiteriegezh|presbiteriat]], mab da Alexander "Saunders" Wilson ha Mary McNab. Ur [[floderezh|floder]] e oa bet an tad kent mont da [[gwiaderezh|wiader]] ha [[strilherezh|strilher]]. Goude tremenvan e wreg ec'h addimezas Saunders hag e tilojas da [[Lochineuch]], e Renfrewshire bepred, ma voe saver-chatal.

Skoliataet un tammig e voe Alexander, met ur bugul e oa dreist-holl betek e drizek vloaz pan eas da zeskard e vreureg, ur gwiader ivez. Goude-se ec'h eas da vicherour baleer e-pad pevar bloaz, o redek bro, o chaseal ar [[skilgog meur|skilgegi meur]] en e amzer vak hag o vale marc'hadourezh a zor da zor dre Vro-Skos a-bezh<ref>Cantwell, ''op. cit.'', pp. 15-17.</ref>.

Endra edo o labourat er gwiaderezh en-dro goude-se e kavas A. Wilson e oa dedennet-bras gant ar [[barzhoniezh|varzhoniezh]], a-drugarez da oberennoù [[skotek]] [[Robert Burns]]. Krog e voe Wilson da skrivañ d'e dro : ouzhpenn da valladennoù ha mêsaerganoù ec'h aoze flemmganoù a-zivout stad ar wiaderien el labouradegoù. E [[1792]] e skrivas ur varzhoneg anvet ''Watty and Meg, or The Wife Reformed'' diwar-benn ur [[alkoolegezh|mezvier]] hag e wreg, a voe brudet-tre. Prosez a voe graet dezhañ en abeg da wallvruderezh a-c'houde ur flemmgan en devoa skrivet diwar-benn perc'henn [[Bro-Saoz|saoz]] ul labouradeg ; drouktunañ ar c'hlemmer a eure, harzet e voe, ar pezh a c'hoarvezas meur a wech. Paouraat a reas dre ma n'en deveze mui amzer da labourat a-zevri, hag e miz Mae [[1794]], d'an oad a 27 vloaz, e tivizas divroañ da SUA gant e niz oadet a 16 vloaz<ref>{{en}} {{cite web|url=https://www.paisley.org.uk/paisley-history/alexander-wilson/ |title=''Paisley – Alexandre Wilson''|accessdate=25/10/2023}}</ref>

Goude erruet e [[Delaware]] ec'h eas war droad da [[Philadelphia]] e [[Pennsylvania]], ma klaskas labourat er [[moullañ|moullerezh]] hag er gwiaderezh ; dre ma reas kazeg e troas war-du ar c'helenn, ar pezh a reas adalek [[1796]] betek [[1801]]<ref>Hunter, ''op. cit.'', pp. 65-68.</ref>, ar bloaz m'en devoe darempredoù gant ur vaouez dimezet, pezh e redias da guitaat Philadelphia.

E-pad berr amzer e voe o kelenn e [[New Jersey]] kent distreiñ da Philadelphia ma kavas fred. Eno e kejas ouzh an naturelour brudet William Bartram ([[1739]]-[[1823]]) ; gant ar skiantour e voe kennerzhet ar gwiader da genderc'hel war hent an evnoniezh hag an tresañ.

Mennet e oa Alexander Wilson neuze da embann ur skeudennaoueg eus holl evned [[Norzhamerika]]. Redek bro a eure, en ur dresañ ha livañ 268 [[spesad]] laboused. E oberenn ''American Ornithology'', nav levrenn enni, a voe embannet adalek [[1808]] betek [[1814]] ; kalzik spesadoù na oant ket bet deskrivet a-raok zo el labour-se<ref>Hunter, ''op. cit.''</ref>. Levezonet-bras gant ''American Ornithology'' e voe Jean-Jacques Audubon pa savas e levr ''The Birds of America'' ([[1827]]-[[1838]]).

Er bloaz [[1813]] e voe dilennet A. Wilson da ezel eus an ''American Philosophical Society''. E miz Eost ar bloaz-se e varvas diwar [[flus]], re a labour ha paourentez padus e-keit ha m'edo o prientiñ levrenn diwezhañ ''American Ornithology''<ref>{{en}} {{cite web|url=https://daily.jstor.org/alexander-wilsons-birds/ |title=''Alexander Wilson’s Birds''|accessdate=25/10/2023}}</ref> ; dalif eo an 9{{vet}} levrenn eta. Er vered Gloria Dei e Philadelphia emañ e vez.


<gallery mode="packed" heights="220px">
Alexander Wilson Statue.jpg|Delwenn e Paisley
Alexander Wilson monument, Philadelphia.jpg|Bez e Philadelphia
</gallery>

==Oberennoù==
*''The tears of Britain – A poem'', hep deiziad.
*1800 : ''List of pieces written by Mr. Alexander Wilson, now in Philadelphia''. Paisley, Scotland : Printed by Andrew Young • ''Watty and Meg'': or the wife reclaimed, together with : Habbie Sampson and his wife or, a new way of raising the wind : Donald and his dog : the West Kintra weaver turned teetotaler : the Loss o' the pack : John Tamson's cart : Takin' it out o' his mouth''. Paisley, Scotland : W. Wilson • ''Rab and Ringan: a tale as delivered in the Pantheon, Edinburgh by the author of Watty and Meg; to which is added The twa cats and the cheese, a tale''. Glasgow : Brash & Reid.
*1801 : ''Oration, on the power and value of national liberty delivered to a large assembly of citizens, at Milestown, Pennsylvania, on Wednesday, March 4, 1801. Philadelphia : Printed by H. Maxwell.
*1806–1813 : ''Papers, 1806–1813''. Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society.
*1808–1814 : ''American Ornithology; or, the Natural History of the Birds of the United States: Illustrated with Plates Engraved and Colored from Original drawings taken from Nature''.
*1814 : ''The Foresters: A Poem, Descriptive of a Pedestrian Journey to the Falls of Niagara in the Autumn of 1804''. Newtown, Pennsylvania : S. Siegfried & J. Wilson.

<gallery mode="packed" heights="180px" caption="''American ornithology''">
American ornithology; or, The natural history of the birds of the United States (Pl. 1) (8548641230).jpg
American ornithology; or, The natural history of the birds of the United States (Pl. 9) (9127390910).jpg
American ornithology; or, The natural history of the birds of the United States (Pl. 11) (8547548995).jpg
American ornithology; or, The natural history of the birds of the United States (Pl. 13) (9125181399).jpg
American ornithology; or, The natural history of the birds of the United States (Pl. 16) (8547552549).jpg
American ornithology; or, The natural history of the birds of the United States (Pl. 17) (8548652594).jpg
American ornithology; or, The natural history of the birds of the United States (Pl. 18) (9127411454).jpg
American ornithology; or, The natural history of the birds of the United States (Pl. 23) (8548656742).jpg
American ornithology; or, The natural history of the birds of the United States (Pl. 23) (9127423914).jpg
American ornithology; or, The natural history of the birds of the United States (Pl. 27) (8547560975).jpg
American ornithology; or, The natural history of the birds of the United States (Pl. 33) (8558787413).jpg
American ornithology; or, The natural history of the birds of the United States (Pl. 40) (8558791453).jpg
American ornithology; or, The natural history of the birds of the United States (Pl. 45) (8558794217).jpg
American ornithology; or, The natural history of the birds of the United States (Pl. 69) (9127352506).jpg
</gallery>


==Levrlennadur==
;Alexander Wilson
*{{en}} ''American Ornithology – Or, The Natural History Of The Birds Of The United States''. Legare Street Press, 2022 {{ISBN|978-1-01-777180-0}}
*{{en}} Alewander Wilson @ [https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Author:Alexander_Wilson_(1766-1813) ''Wikisource'']
;Diwar-benn Alexander Wilson
*{{en}} Burtt Jr., Edward H. & Davis Jr., William E... ''Alexander Wilson – The Scot Who Founded American Ornithology''. Cambridge : Belknap Press, 2013 {{ISBN|978-0-674-07255-8}}
*{{en}} Cantwell, Robert. ''Alexander Wilson, Naturalist and Pioneer : A Biography''. Philadelphia & New York : J. B. Lippincott Company, 1961
*{{en}} Grosart, Alexander Balloc'h. ''The poems and literary prose of Alexander Wilson, the American ornithologist''. Paisley : Alex. Garner, 1876 • [https://archive.org/details/poemsliterarypro01wils/page/n7/mode/2up Levrenn 1 : ''Prose''] • [https://archive.org/details/poemsliterarypro02wils/page/n9/mode/2up Levrenn 2 : ''Poems'']
*{{en}} Hunter, Clark. ''The Life and Letters of Alexander Wilson''. Philadelphia : American Philosophical Society, 1983 {{ISBN|978-0-87169-154-5}} • {{cite web|url=https://books.google.fr/books?id=exjawIGpsZsC&pg=PG1#v=onepage&q&f=false |title=En-linenn|accessdate=25/10/2023}}

==Liammoù diavaez==
{{commonscat}}
*{{en}} {{cite web|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180516190137/http://xroads.virginia.edu/~PUBLIC/wilson/front.html#galleries |title=''Alexander Wilson, American Ornithologist''|accessdate=25/10/2023}}
*{{en}} {{cite web|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110720124457/http://spenserians.cath.vt.edu/authorrecord.php?action=GET&recordid=33320 |title=''Teir barzhoneg gant A. Wilson''|accessdate=25/10/2023}}
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==Notennoù==
{{daveoù}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Wilson, Alexander}}
[[Rummad:Evnoniourien SUA]]
[[Rummad:Ganedigezhioù 1766]]
[[Rummad:Marvioù 1813]]