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D Robot ouzhpennet: pt:Língua min nan
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Linenn 83: Linenn 83:
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[[fr:Minnan]]
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(min nan): Taiwan is known as Hō-ló-oē, in Guangdong as Hoklo, Philippines, known as Lan-nang. In Singapore, Malaysia and other areas in Southeast Asia, Minnan is known as Hokkien

A language of China

ISO/DIS 639-3: nan Population 25,725,000 in mainland China (1984). 2.5% of the population, including 1,000,000 Xiamen dialect (1988 census), 6,000,000 Quanzhou dialect (Quanzhoushi Fangyan Zhi). Population total all countries: 46,227,965. Region Southern Fujian, Guangdong, south Hainan Island, southern Zhejiang, southern Jiangxi provinces. Xiamen is spoken in southern Fujian, Jiangxi, and Taiwan; Hainan dialect in Hainan; Leizhou on the Leizhou peninsula of southwestern Guangdong; Chao-Shan in the far eastern corner of Guangdong in the Chaozhou-Shantou area; Longdu is a dialect island in the area around Zhongshan City and Shaxi in Guangdong south of Guangzhou; Zhenan Min in southeastern Zhejiang Province around Pingyang and Cangnan and on the Zhoushan archipelago of northeastern Zhejiang. Also spoken in Brunei, Indonesia (Java and Bali), Malaysia (Peninsular), Philippines, Singapore, Taiwan, Thailand, USA. Alternate names Southern Min, Minnan Dialects Xiamen (Amoy), Leizhou (Lei Hua, Li Hua), Chao-Shan (Choushan, Chaozhou), Hainan (Hainanese, Qiongwen Hua, Wenchang), Longdu, Zhenan Min. Xiamen has subdialects Amoy, Fujian (Fukien, Hokkian, Taiwanese). Amoy is the prestige dialect. Amoy and Taiwanese are easily intelligible to each other. Chao-Shan has subdialects Chaoshou (Chaochow, Chaochow, Teochow, Teochew) and Shantou (Swatow). Chao-Shan, including Swatow, has very difficult intelligibility of Amoy. Sanjiang is somewhat difficult for other dialect speakers. Hainan is quite different from other dialects. Min Nan is the most widely distributed and influential Min variety. There are two subdialects in Taiwan: Sanso and Chaenzo. Most Min Nan speakers in Thailand speak the Chaoshou dialect. Classification Sino-Tibetan, Chinese Language use Speakers of other languages use this for commerce. Most domains. All ages. Shantou and Chenhai varieties of the Chao-shan dialect are considered to be cultured. Chao-shan speakers may speak Mandarin, Cantonese, or English for buying and selling, Mandarin to outside Chinese and government purposes, English to foreigners. Those under 30 are more bilingual. Language development Literacy rate in first language: 30% literate in Chao-shan. Many older people cannot read Chinese, but all young people can read standard Mandarin Chinese. Roman script in Taiwan. Poetry. Dictionary. Grammar. Bible: 1884–1933. Comments Part of the Han nationality. Traditional Chinese religion, Buddhist, Christian, Daoist. Also spoken in: Brunei Language name Chinese, Min Nan Population 12,147 in Brunei (2000 WCD). Alternate names Min Nan, Minnan Dialects Chaochow (Tiuchiu, Teochow), Hainan, Fujian (Hokkien).

Indonesia (Java and Bali) Language name Chinese, Min Nan Population 700,000 in Indonesia (1982). Region Pontianak (West Borneo) and elsewhere. Alternate names Minnan, Min Nan Dialects Fujian (Hokkien), Chaochow (Tiu Chiu).

Malaysia (Peninsular) Language name Chinese, Min Nan Population 1,946,698 in Malaysia. Population includes 1,824,741 in Peninsular Malaysia, 7,990 Teochew, 5,083 Hainanese, 24,604 Hokkien in Sabah (1980 census) 84,280 in Sarawak (1979). Alternate names Min Nan, Minnan Dialects Fukienese (Amoy, Fujianese, Hokkien), Hainanese, Chaochow (Teochow, Teochew).

Philippines Language name Chinese, Min Nan Population 592,200 in the Philippines. 98.7% of Chinese population in Philippines (1982). Alternate names Min Nan

Singapore Language name Chinese, Min Nan Population 1,170,000 in Singapore (1985). Population includes 736,000 speakers of Hokkien, 28.8% of the population (1993), 360,000 speakers of Teochew (1985), 14.2% of the population (1993); 74,000 speakers of Hainanese (1985), 2.9% of the population (1993). Ethnic population: 1,482,000 (1993) including 884,000 Hokkien (1993), 452,000 Teochew (1985), 146,000 Hainanese (1993). Alternate names Min Nam, Southern Min Dialects Hokkien (Fukienese, Fujian, Amoy, Xiamen), Teochew (Chaochow, Chaozhou, Taechew), Hainanese. Language use Trade language. The Hokkien dialect is the most widely understood in Singapore (Kuo 1979). Mandarin, English, and other Chinese varieties are also used at home.

Taiwan Language name Chinese, Min Nan Population 15,000,000 in Taiwan (1997 A. Chang). Region Tainan, Penghu Archipelago, cities on the east coast, western plain except for a few Hakka pockets. Alternate names Min Nan, Minnan Dialects Amoy (Taiwanese, Formosan). Language use Mandarin is used as second language. Those over 60 also speak Japanese. Comments The Taiwanese people are called Hoklo or Holo. Chinese traditional religion, Buddhist, Christian, secular.

Thailand Language name Chinese, Min Nan Population 1,081,920 in Thailand. Population includes 1,058,400 Chaochow (18%), 17,640 Fujian (.3%), 5,880 Hainanese (.1%) (1984). Region Cities. Alternate names Min Nan, Minnan Dialects Chaozhou (Chaochow, Tiuchiu, Teochow, Techu), Shantou (Swatow), Hainan, Fujian (Fukien, Hokkien). Comments Commerce; industrialists; clerks; sales; service; agriculturalists; professionals. Buddhist, Chinese folk religion, secular, Christian.


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