Pietro Aretino : diforc'h etre ar stummoù
Endalc’h diverket Danvez ouzhpennet
Diverradenn ebet eus ar c'hemm |
D ortho, replaced: <ref → <ref, .<ref>Da skouer e ''La Cazzaria'' (" Levr ar C'halc'h"), '' Skol ar Gasterezh'', ''Ar Ragionamenti: buhezioù al leanezed, buhezioù ar gwragez, buhezioù ar c'hourtizanezed '' hag an ''Dialo using AWB |
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[[Image:Pietro Aretino, por Tiziano.jpg|thumb|right|''Pietro Aretino'' (1492-1556), e boltred kentañ gant [[Tizian]]]] |
[[Image:Pietro Aretino, por Tiziano.jpg|thumb|right|''Pietro Aretino'' (1492-1556), e boltred kentañ gant [[Tizian]]]] |
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'''Pietro Aretino''' ([[20 a viz Ebrel]] [[1492]] – [[21 a viz Here]], [[1556]]) a oa ur barzh italian, skriver pezhioù-c'hoari ha flemmskridoù, hag en doe levezon bras meurbet war an arz hag ar politikerezh hag a ijinas ar bornografiezh lennegel |
'''Pietro Aretino''' ([[20 a viz Ebrel]] [[1492]] – [[21 a viz Here]], [[1556]]) a oa ur barzh italian, skriver pezhioù-c'hoari ha flemmskridoù, hag en doe levezon bras meurbet war an arz hag ar politikerezh hag a ijinas ar bornografiezh lennegel<ref>Da skouer e ''La Cazzaria'' (" Levr ar C'halc'h"), '' Skol ar Gasterezh'', ''Ar Ragionamenti: buhezioù al leanezed, buhezioù ar gwragez, buhezioù ar c'hourtizanezed '' hag an ''Dialoghi''.</ref>. |
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== E vuhez == |
== E vuhez == |
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Ganet en [[Arezzo]] en noz entre an 19 hag an 20 a viz Ebrel 1492, mab e oa d'ur botaouer-lêr anvet Luca (marteze Del Tura e anv-tiegezh) hag ur c'hast prostituta, Margherita dei Bonci, lesanvet Tita, a veze ivez patrom e ti al livourien ha kizellerien. Dont a ra e anv Aretino eus hini e barrez c'henidik (''Aretino'', "eus Arezzo" en italianeg). |
Ganet en [[Arezzo]] en noz entre an 19 hag an 20 a viz Ebrel 1492, mab e oa d'ur botaouer-lêr anvet Luca (marteze Del Tura e anv-tiegezh) hag ur c'hast prostituta, Margherita dei Bonci, lesanvet Tita, a veze ivez patrom e ti al livourien ha kizellerien. Dont a ra e anv Aretino eus hini e barrez c'henidik (''Aretino'', "eus Arezzo" en italianeg). |
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N'eo ket deskadurezh vras en doe en Arezzo, ha harluet e voe. Chom a reas e [[Perugia]] e-pad un dek vloaz bennak a-raok mont da [[Roma]]. Eno e voe gwarezet gant [[Agostino Chigi]], un arc'hantour bras a oa gwarezour [[Raffaello]]. Pa varvas [[Hannon an olifant|Hannon]], un olifant a oa d'ar pab [[Leon X]], e [[1514]], e skrivas Aretino ur flemmskrid anvet "Youl Diwezhañ ha Testamant an Olifant Hanno." Er skrid-se e rae goap ouzh tud veur kêr Roma, politikerien ha tud a iliz, hag ouzh ar pab zoken. Berzh a reas, ha brudet e voe Aretino evel paotr ar flemmskridoù ha lesanvet e voe ... |
N'eo ket deskadurezh vras en doe en Arezzo, ha harluet e voe. Chom a reas e [[Perugia]] e-pad un dek vloaz bennak a-raok mont da [[Roma]]. Eno e voe gwarezet gant [[Agostino Chigi]], un arc'hantour bras a oa gwarezour [[Raffaello]]. Pa varvas [[Hannon an olifant|Hannon]], un olifant a oa d'ar pab [[Leon X]], e [[1514]], e skrivas Aretino ur flemmskrid anvet "Youl Diwezhañ ha Testamant an Olifant Hanno." Er skrid-se e rae goap ouzh tud veur kêr Roma, politikerien ha tud a iliz, hag ouzh ar pab zoken. Berzh a reas, ha brudet e voe Aretino evel paotr ar flemmskridoù ha lesanvet e voe ... |
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<!--Born out of wedlock in ... There the rich banker and patron of took him under his wing. |
<!--Born out of wedlock in ... There the rich banker and patron of took him under his wing. |
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The pamphlet was such a success that it kickstarted 's career and established him as a famous satirist, ultimately known as "the Scourge of Princes." |
The pamphlet was such a success that it kickstarted 's career and established him as a famous satirist, ultimately known as "the Scourge of Princes." |
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Aretino prospered, living from hand to mouth as a hanger-on in the literate circle of his patron, sharpening his satirical talents on the gossip of politics and the papal [[Roman Curia|Papal Curia]], and turning the coarse Roman [[pasquinade]] into a rapier weapon of satire, until his sixteen ribald ''Sonetti Lussuriosi'' written to accompany [[Giulio Romano]]'s exquisitely beautiful but utterly pornographic series drawings engraved by [[Marcantonio Raimondi]] under the title ''[[I Modi]]'' finally caused such outrage that he had to temporarily flee Rome. |
Aretino prospered, living from hand to mouth as a hanger-on in the literate circle of his patron, sharpening his satirical talents on the gossip of politics and the papal [[Roman Curia|Papal Curia]], and turning the coarse Roman [[pasquinade]] into a rapier weapon of satire, until his sixteen ribald ''Sonetti Lussuriosi'' written to accompany [[Giulio Romano]]'s exquisitely beautiful but utterly pornographic series drawings engraved by [[Marcantonio Raimondi]] under the title ''[[I Modi]]'' finally caused such outrage that he had to temporarily flee Rome. |
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After Leo's death in [[1521]], his patron was [[Cardinal Giulio de' Medici]], whose competitors for the papal throne felt the sting of Aretino's scurrilous lash. The installation of the prudish Fleming [[Adrian VI]] ("la tedesca tigna" in Pietro's words) instead encouraged Aretino to seek new patrons away from Rome, mainly with [[Federico II Gonzaga]] in [[Mantua]], and with the [[condottieri|condottiero]] [[Giovanni dalle Bande Nere|Giovanni de' Medici]] ("Giovanni delle Bande Nere"). The election of his old Medici patron as [[Pope Clement VII]] sent him briefly back to [[Rome]], but death threats and an attempted assassination from one of the victims of his pen, Bishop Giovanni Giberti, in July [[1525]], set him wandering through northern Italy in the service of various noblemen, distinguished by his wit, audacity and brilliant and facile talents, until he settled permanently in [[1527]], in [[Venice]], ''the'' anti-Papal city of Italy, "seat of all vices" Aretino noted with gusto. |
After Leo's death in [[1521]], his patron was [[Cardinal Giulio de' Medici]], whose competitors for the papal throne felt the sting of Aretino's scurrilous lash. The installation of the prudish Fleming [[Adrian VI]] ("la tedesca tigna" in Pietro's words) instead encouraged Aretino to seek new patrons away from Rome, mainly with [[Federico II Gonzaga]] in [[Mantua]], and with the [[condottieri|condottiero]] [[Giovanni dalle Bande Nere|Giovanni de' Medici]] ("Giovanni delle Bande Nere"). The election of his old Medici patron as [[Pope Clement VII]] sent him briefly back to [[Rome]], but death threats and an attempted assassination from one of the victims of his pen, Bishop Giovanni Giberti, in July [[1525]], set him wandering through northern Italy in the service of various noblemen, distinguished by his wit, audacity and brilliant and facile talents, until he settled permanently in [[1527]], in [[Venice]], ''the'' anti-Papal city of Italy, "seat of all vices" Aretino noted with gusto. |
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From the security of Venice Aretino "kept all that was famous in Italy in a kind of state of siege," in [[Jakob Burckhardt]]'s estimation. [[Francis I of France]] and [[Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor|Charles V]] pensioned him at the same time, each hoping for some damage to the other. "The rest of his relations with the great is mere beggary and vulgar extortion," was Burckhardt's assessment of a man the 19th century found utterly unprincipled, an abject flatterer, the object of judgmental disgust and yet the father of modern [[journalism]]: |
From the security of Venice Aretino "kept all that was famous in Italy in a kind of state of siege," in [[Jakob Burckhardt]]'s estimation. [[Francis I of France]] and [[Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor|Charles V]] pensioned him at the same time, each hoping for some damage to the other. "The rest of his relations with the great is mere beggary and vulgar extortion," was Burckhardt's assessment of a man the 19th century found utterly unprincipled, an abject flatterer, the object of judgmental disgust and yet the father of modern [[journalism]]: |
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:''"His literary talent, his clear and sparkling style, his varied observation of men and things, would have made him a considerable writer under any circumstances, destitute as he was of the power of conceiving a genuine work of art, such as a true dramatic comedy; and to the coarsest as well as the most refined malice he added a grotesque wit so brilliant that in some cases it does not fall short of that of Rabelais."'' |
:''"His literary talent, his clear and sparkling style, his varied observation of men and things, would have made him a considerable writer under any circumstances, destitute as he was of the power of conceiving a genuine work of art, such as a true dramatic comedy; and to the coarsest as well as the most refined malice he added a grotesque wit so brilliant that in some cases it does not fall short of that of Rabelais."'' |
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::—Jacob Burckhardt, ''The Civilization of the Renaissance in Italy'', 1855. |
::—Jacob Burckhardt, ''The Civilization of the Renaissance in Italy'', 1855. |
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Apart from both [[sacred and profane]] texts— a satire of high-flown [[Renaissance]] [[neo-Platonic]] [[dialog]]ues is set in a [[brothel]]— and [[comedies]] such as ''La cortigiana'' and ''La talenta'', Aretino is remembered above all for his letters, full of literary flattery that could turn to [[blackmail]]. They circulated widely in manuscript and he collected them and published them at intervals winning as many enemies as it did fame, and earned him the dangerous nickname [[Ariosto]] gave him: ''flagello dei principi'' ("scourge of princes"). The first [[English language|English]] translations of some of Aretino's racier material have been coming onto the market recently. |
Apart from both [[sacred and profane]] texts— a satire of high-flown [[Renaissance]] [[neo-Platonic]] [[dialog]]ues is set in a [[brothel]]— and [[comedies]] such as ''La cortigiana'' and ''La talenta'', Aretino is remembered above all for his letters, full of literary flattery that could turn to [[blackmail]]. They circulated widely in manuscript and he collected them and published them at intervals winning as many enemies as it did fame, and earned him the dangerous nickname [[Ariosto]] gave him: ''flagello dei principi'' ("scourge of princes"). The first [[English language|English]] translations of some of Aretino's racier material have been coming onto the market recently. |
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''La cortigiana'' zo un drevezaden eus ''[[Il Cortegiano]]'', gant [[Baldassare Castiglione]]; E-barzh eo kontet troioù un denjentil a Siena a ya da Roma da vout [[kardinal]]. Ur serc'h a garfe kaout ivez met sevel a ra karantez ennaén ouzh ur plac'h en he frenestr. |
''La cortigiana'' zo un drevezaden eus ''[[Il Cortegiano]]'', gant [[Baldassare Castiglione]]; E-barzh eo kontet troioù un denjentil a Siena a ya da Roma da vout [[kardinal]]. Ur serc'h a garfe kaout ivez met sevel a ra karantez ennaén ouzh ur plac'h en he frenestr. |
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<!--, he realizes that only as a courtier would he be able to win her. In mockery of Castiglione's advice on how to become the perfect courtier, a charlatan proceeds to teach Messer Maco how to behave as a courtier: he must learn how to deceive and flatter, and sit hours in front of the mirror. |
<!--, he realizes that only as a courtier would he be able to win her. In mockery of Castiglione's advice on how to become the perfect courtier, a charlatan proceeds to teach Messer Maco how to behave as a courtier: he must learn how to deceive and flatter, and sit hours in front of the mirror. |
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... The early portrait is a psychological study of alarming modernity. Clement VII made Aretino a [[Knight of Rhodes]], and [[Julius III]] named him a Knight of St. Peter, but the chain he wears for his [[1545]] portrait may have merely been jewelry. In his strictly-for-publication letters to patrons Aretino would often add a verbal portrait to Titian's painted one. |
... The early portrait is a psychological study of alarming modernity. Clement VII made Aretino a [[Knight of Rhodes]], and [[Julius III]] named him a Knight of St. Peter, but the chain he wears for his [[1545]] portrait may have merely been jewelry. In his strictly-for-publication letters to patrons Aretino would often add a verbal portrait to Titian's painted one. |
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==Notennoù== |
==Notennoù== |
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==E oberennoù== |
==E oberennoù== |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Aretino, Pietro}} |
{{DEFAULTSORT:Aretino, Pietro}} |
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Stumm eus an 6 Meu 2022 da 09:08
Pietro Aretino (20 a viz Ebrel 1492 – 21 a viz Here, 1556) a oa ur barzh italian, skriver pezhioù-c'hoari ha flemmskridoù, hag en doe levezon bras meurbet war an arz hag ar politikerezh hag a ijinas ar bornografiezh lennegel[1].
E vuhez
Ganet en Arezzo en noz entre an 19 hag an 20 a viz Ebrel 1492, mab e oa d'ur botaouer-lêr anvet Luca (marteze Del Tura e anv-tiegezh) hag ur c'hast prostituta, Margherita dei Bonci, lesanvet Tita, a veze ivez patrom e ti al livourien ha kizellerien. Dont a ra e anv Aretino eus hini e barrez c'henidik (Aretino, "eus Arezzo" en italianeg).
N'eo ket deskadurezh vras en doe en Arezzo, ha harluet e voe. Chom a reas e Perugia e-pad un dek vloaz bennak a-raok mont da Roma. Eno e voe gwarezet gant Agostino Chigi, un arc'hantour bras a oa gwarezour Raffaello. Pa varvas Hannon, un olifant a oa d'ar pab Leon X, e 1514, e skrivas Aretino ur flemmskrid anvet "Youl Diwezhañ ha Testamant an Olifant Hanno." Er skrid-se e rae goap ouzh tud veur kêr Roma, politikerien ha tud a iliz, hag ouzh ar pab zoken. Berzh a reas, ha brudet e voe Aretino evel paotr ar flemmskridoù ha lesanvet e voe ...
La cortigiana zo un drevezaden eus Il Cortegiano, gant Baldassare Castiglione; E-barzh eo kontet troioù un denjentil a Siena a ya da Roma da vout kardinal. Ur serc'h a garfe kaout ivez met sevel a ra karantez ennaén ouzh ur plac'h en he frenestr.
Mignon e oa d'al livour Tizian, a reas tri foltred anezhañ. Mervel a reas, a lavarer, diwar tagañ o c'hoarzhin."[2]
Notennoù
E oberennoù
en italianeg
- Sonetti lussuriosi.
- Dubbi amorosi
- Lettere
- Ragionamenti.
- Orlandino
-evit ar c'hoariva:
- Fraza
- La cortigiana
- Il marescalco
- La talanta
- Lo ipocrito
- Il filosofo
- Orazia (reuzc'hoari)
troet e galleg
- Lettres, troet gant André Chastel ha Nadine Blamoutier, Scala, 1988
- Ragionamenti, troet gant Giovanni Aquilecchia ha Paul Larivaille, Les Belles Lettres, div levrenn, 1998, (ISBN 2-251-73001-1) (ISBN 2-251-73001-6)
- Sonnets luxurieux, tresadennoù gant Giulio Romano, troet gant Paul Larivaille hag Alcide Bonneau, Payot, 1996
- Div varzhoneg eus Sonetti lussuriosi Aretino lakaet e galleg gant Apollinaire
- (en) Buhez
Dihelloù
e galleg
- Bertrand Levergeois, L’Arétin ou l’insolence du plaisir, Paris, Fayard, 1999
e saozneg
- Cleugh, James, 1965. The Divine Aretino (Pietro of Arezzo, 1492-1556, A Biography
- Hutton, Edward, 1922. Pietro Aretino: The scourge of princes.
- Robert Greene, The 48 Laws of Power, Viking Penguin, 1998, ISBN 0-14-028019-7
- Norton, Rictor (ed.) My Dear Boy: Gay Love Letters through the Centuries. Leyland Publications, San Francisco. 1998
