Vogalennoù a gentañ renk : diforc'h etre ar stummoù

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Er [[yezhoniezh]] e vez implijet an termen '''vogalenn a gentañ renk''' ([[Saozneg|saoz.]]: [[:en:Cardinal vowel|''cardinal vowel'']]) war tachenn ar [[fonologiezh]] hag ar [[fonetik]] evit komz eus
Er [[yezhoniezh]] e vez implijet an termen '''vogalenn a gentañ renk''' ([[Saozneg|saoz.]]: [[:en:Cardinal vowel|''cardinal vowel'']]) war tachenn ar [[fonologiezh]] hag ar [[fonetik]] evit komz eus ur rumamd [[vogaelnn|vogalennoù]] resis hag a dalvez da daveennoù diazez evit gallout deskrivañ [[lec'h distagañ]] holl vogalennoù ur yezh resis, da skouer bez e c'heller deskrivañ ar vogalenn "i" e [[brezhoneg]] dre he c'heñveriañ gant ar voagelenn a gentañ renk [i].


A cardinal vowel is a [[vowel]] sound produced when the [[tongue]] is in an extreme position, either front or back, high or low. The current system was systematised by [[Daniel Jones (phonetician)|Daniel Jones]] in the early 20th century, though the idea goes back to earlier phoneticians, notably Ellis and Bell.
[[Image:Cardinal vowel tongue position-front.png|thumb|Highest tongue positions of cardinal front vowels]]
[[Image:Cardinal vowel chart-accurate(png).svg|200px|thumb|left|Diagram of relative highest points of tongue for cardinal vowels]]
[[Image:Cardinal vowel tongue position-back(png).svg|thumb|180px|Highest tongue positions of cardinal back vowels]]
[[Image:Cardinal vowel chart-common(png).svg|thumb|190px|A more commonly seen schematic diagram of highest tongue positions of cardinal vowels]]


[[Skeudenn:Cardinal vowel tongue position-front.png|thumb|Lec'hiadurioù uhelañ an teod o klotaat gant ar [[vogalenn a-raok|vogalennoù a-raok]] a gentañ renk]]
'''Cardinal vowels''' are a set of reference vowels used by phoneticians in describing the sounds of languages. For instance, the vowel of the [[English language|English]] word "feet" can be described with reference to cardinal vowel 1, {{IPA|[i]}}, which is the cardinal vowel closest to it.
[[Skeudenn:Cardinal vowel chart-accurate(png).svg|200px|thumb|Uhelderioù an teod pa distager pep vogalenn a gentañ renk lakaet keñver-ouzh-keñver]]

[[Skeudenn:Cardinal vowel tongue position-back(png).svg|thumb|180px|Lec'hiadurioù uhelañ an teod o klotaat gant ar [[vogalenn a-dreñv|vogalennoù a-dreñv]] a gentañ renk]]
A cardinal vowel is a [[vowel]] sound produced when the [[tongue]] is in an extreme position, either front or back, high or low. The current system was systematised by [[Daniel Jones (phonetician)|Daniel Jones]] in the early 20th century, though the idea goes back to earlier phoneticians, notably Ellis and Bell.
[[Skeudenn:Cardinal vowel chart-common(png).svg|thumb|190px|A more commonly seen schematic diagram of highest tongue positions of cardinal vowels]]


Three of the cardinal vowels, {{IPA|[i]}}, {{IPA|[ɑ]}} and {{IPA|[u]}} have articulatory definitions. [i] is produced with the tongue as far forward and as high in the mouth as is possible (without producing friction), with spread lips. {{IPA|[u]}} is produced with the tongue as far back and as high in the mouth as is possible, with pursed lips. This sound can be approximated by adopting the posture to whistle a very low note, or blow out a candle. {{IPA|[ɑ]}} is produced with the tongue as low and as far back in the mouth as possible.
Three of the cardinal vowels, {{IPA|[i]}}, {{IPA|[ɑ]}} and {{IPA|[u]}} have articulatory definitions. [i] is produced with the tongue as far forward and as high in the mouth as is possible (without producing friction), with spread lips. {{IPA|[u]}} is produced with the tongue as far back and as high in the mouth as is possible, with pursed lips. This sound can be approximated by adopting the posture to whistle a very low note, or blow out a candle. {{IPA|[ɑ]}} is produced with the tongue as low and as far back in the mouth as possible.

Stumm eus an 30 Mez 2007 da 09:42

Krogit e-barzh !
Un danvez pennad eo ar pennad-mañ ha labour zo d'ober c'hoazh a-raok e beurechuiñ.
Gallout a rit skoazellañ Wikipedia dre glokaat anezhañ
Gwelit ivez: LFE, Kensonennoù
A-raok Tost a-raok Kreiz Tost a-dreñv A-dreñv
Serr
i • y
ɨ • ʉ
ɯ • u
ɪ • ʏ
• ʊ
e • ø
ɘ • ɵ
ɤ • o
ɛ • œ
ɜ • ɞ
ʌ • ɔ
æ •
a • ɶ
ɑ • ɒ
Peuzserr
Damserr
Etre
Damzigor
Peuzdigor
Digor
Ront eo ar vogalennoù a-zehoù e pep par

Er yezhoniezh e vez implijet an termen vogalenn a gentañ renk (saoz.: cardinal vowel) war tachenn ar fonologiezh hag ar fonetik evit komz eus ur rumamd vogalennoù resis hag a dalvez da daveennoù diazez evit gallout deskrivañ lec'h distagañ holl vogalennoù ur yezh resis, da skouer bez e c'heller deskrivañ ar vogalenn "i" e brezhoneg dre he c'heñveriañ gant ar voagelenn a gentañ renk [i].

A cardinal vowel is a vowel sound produced when the tongue is in an extreme position, either front or back, high or low. The current system was systematised by Daniel Jones in the early 20th century, though the idea goes back to earlier phoneticians, notably Ellis and Bell.

Lec'hiadurioù uhelañ an teod o klotaat gant ar vogalennoù a-raok a gentañ renk
Uhelderioù an teod pa distager pep vogalenn a gentañ renk lakaet keñver-ouzh-keñver
Lec'hiadurioù uhelañ an teod o klotaat gant ar vogalennoù a-dreñv a gentañ renk
A more commonly seen schematic diagram of highest tongue positions of cardinal vowels

Three of the cardinal vowels, [i], [ɑ] and [u] have articulatory definitions. [i] is produced with the tongue as far forward and as high in the mouth as is possible (without producing friction), with spread lips. [u] is produced with the tongue as far back and as high in the mouth as is possible, with pursed lips. This sound can be approximated by adopting the posture to whistle a very low note, or blow out a candle. [ɑ] is produced with the tongue as low and as far back in the mouth as possible.

The other vowels are 'auditorily equidistant' between these three 'corner vowels', at four degrees of aperture or 'height': close (high tongue position), close-mid, open-mid, and open (low tongue position). The Ngwe language of West Africa has been cited as a language with a vowel system that has 8 vowels which are rather similar to the 8 primary cardinal vowels (Ladefoged 1971:67).

These degrees of aperture plus the front-back distinction define 8 reference points on a mixture of articulatory and auditory criteria. These eight vowels are known as the eight 'primary cardinal vowels', and vowels like these are common in the world's languages.

The lip positions can be reversed with the lip position for the corresponding vowel on the opposite side of the front-back dimension, so that e.g. Cardinal 1 can be produced with the rounding for Cardinal 9, etc.; these are known as 'secondary cardinal vowels'. Sounds such as these are less common in the world's languages. Other vowel sounds are also recognised on the vowel chart of the International Phonetic Alphabet.




Table of cardinal vowels

cardinal IPA description
1 [i] close front unrounded vowel
2 [e] close-mid front unrounded vowel
3 [ɛ] open-mid front unrounded vowel
4 [a] open front unrounded vowel
5 [ɑ] open back unrounded vowel
6 [ɔ] open-mid back rounded vowel
7 [o] close-mid back rounded vowel
8 [u] close back rounded vowel
9 [y] close front rounded vowel
10 [ø] close-mid front rounded vowel
11 [œ] open-mid front rounded vowel
12 [ɶ] open front rounded vowel
13 [ɒ] open back rounded vowel
14 [ʌ] open-mid back unrounded vowel
15 [ɤ] close-mid back unrounded vowel
16 [ɯ] close back unrounded vowel
17 [ɨ] Close central unrounded vowel
18 [ʉ] Close central rounded vowel

In the IPA's number chart, the cardinal vowels have the same numbers used above, but added to 300.

Gwelit ivez:

€n:Cardinal vowel