Ludovico Ariosto : diforc'h etre ar stummoù

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[[Restr:Vincenzo Catena 016 detail.jpg|thumb|260px|''Ariosto,'' en un daolenn ''Madonna gant ar sent Jozeb, Yann, Catarina Sienna, Loeiz Toloza ha Lodovico Ariosto'', gant [[Vincenzo Catena]], 1512, Berlin]]
[[Restr:Vincenzo Catena 016 detail.jpg|thumb|260px|''Ariosto,'' en un daolenn ''Madonna gant ar sent Jozeb, Yann, Catarina Sienna, Loeiz Toloza ha Lodovico Ariosto'', gant [[Vincenzo Catena]], 1512, Berlin]]


'''Ludovico Ariosto''' , ganet d'an [[8 a viz Gwengolo]] 1474 e [[Reggio Emilia]], ha marvet d'ar [[6 a viz Gouhere]] 1533 e [[Ferrara]], a oa ur barzh [[italianek]], brudet evel oberour ar [[meurgan]] [[Orlando furioso]]. [[Alfonso Iañ d'Este]], dug Ferrara, a oa e warezour.
'''Ludovico Ariosto''', ganet d'an [[8 a viz Gwengolo]] 1474 e [[Reggio Emilia]], ha marvet d'ar [[6 a viz Gouhere]] 1533 e [[Ferrara]], a oa ur barzh [[italianek]], brudet evel oberour ar [[meurgan]] ''[[Orlando furioso]]''. [[Alfonso Iañ d'Este]], dug Ferrara, a oa e warezour.


== E vuhez ==
== E vuhez ==
Linenn 22: Linenn 22:
46 kan zo el levr, anezho gwerzennoù bodet e pozioù eizh gwerzenn (''stanza''), ha mesket enne kriz ha fentus, dave enne da sevenadur Europa, adalek Homeros betek romantoù atr Grennamzer.
46 kan zo el levr, anezho gwerzennoù bodet e pozioù eizh gwerzenn (''stanza''), ha mesket enne kriz ha fentus, dave enne da sevenadur Europa, adalek Homeros betek romantoù atr Grennamzer.


En 1516 e voe graet an embannadur kentañ, 40 kan ennañ, met ne baouezas ket da labourat war e skrid, hag e 1532 e voe un embannadur kresket gant 46 kan.
En 1516 e voe graet an embannadur kentañ, 40 kan ennañ, met ne baouezas ket da labourat war e skrid, hag e 1532 e voe un embannadur kresket gant 46 kan.
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Composé de 46 chants, dont l'unité poétique est l'octave mêlant le tragique au plaisant, le lyrique au romanesque, usant avec autant de liberté que de maîtrise de toute la culture européenne, d'Homère aux contemporains en passant par les romans médiévaux, le ''Roland furieux'', sublime l'expérience livresque et humaine de l'Arioste en une symphonie perpétuellement mouvante de personnages et d'évènements qui, après l'écroulement des repères du Moyen Age, reflète le scepticisme souriant de la Renaissance. Ses compatriotes, dans leur admiration, l'ont surnommé le ''divin Arioste''.


He is best known as the author of the [[romance (genre)|romantic]] [[Epic poetry|epic poem]] ''[[Orlando Furioso]]'' (1516).

==Birth and early life==

Ariosto was born in [[Reggio Emilia]], where his father Niccolò Ariosto was commander of the citadel. He was the oldest of ten children and was seen as the successor to the patriarchal position of his family. From his earliest years, Ludovico was very interested in poetry, but he was obliged by his father to study law.

After five years of law, Ariosto was allowed to read classics under Gregorio da Spoleto. Ariosto's studies of [[Ancient Greek literature|Greek]] and [[Latin literature]] were cut short by Spoleto's move to France to tutor [[Francesco I Sforza|Francesco Sforza]]. Shortly after, Ariosto's father died.

==Education and patronage==
[[Image:Ludovico Ariosto statue - Ferrara, Italy.JPG|thumb|right|Memorial statue and park, [[Ferrara]].]]
After the death of Ariosto's father, Ludovico was compelled to forgo his literary occupations and take care of his family, whose affairs were in disarray. Despite his family obligations, Ariosto managed to write some comedies in prose as well as lyrical pieces. Some of these attracted the notice of Cardinal [[Ippolito d'Este]], who took the young poet under his patronage and appointed him one of the gentlemen of his household. Este compensated Ariosto poorly for his efforts. The only reward he gave the poet for ''Orlando Furioso'', a piece dedicated to him, was the question, "Where did you find so many stories, Master Ludovic?" The poet himself tells us that the cardinal was ungrateful, that he deplored the time which he spent under his yoke, and adds, that if he received some niggardly pension, it was not to reward him for his poetry, which the prelate despised, but to make some just compensation for the poet's running like a messenger, with the work of his life yet to accomplish, at his eminence's pleasure. Nor was even this miserable pittance regularly paid during the period that the poet enjoyed it.

The cardinal went to [[Hungary]] in 1518, and wished Ariosto to accompany him. The poet excused himself, pleading ill health, his love of study, the care of his private affairs and the age of his mother, whom it would have been disgraceful to leave. His excuses were not well received, and even an interview was denied him. Ariosto then boldly said, that had his eminence thought to have bought a slave by assigning him the scanty pension of seventy-five crowns a year, he was mistaken and might withdraw his boon—which it seems the cardinal did.

==New patronage and diplomatic career==
[[Image:Tizian 078.jpg|thumb|left|[[Titian]], ''Portrait of a man'', long believed to be Ludovico Ariosto]]

The cardinal's brother, Alfonso, duke of [[Ferrara]], now took the poet under his patronage. This was but an act of simple justice, Ariosto having already distinguished himself as a diplomat, chiefly on the occasion of two visits to [[Rome]] as ambassador to [[Pope Julius II]]. The fatigue of one of these hurried journeys brought on a complaint from which he never recovered, and on his second mission he was nearly killed by order of the pope, who happened at the time to be much incensed against the duke of Ferrara.

On account of the war, his salary of only 84 crowns a year was suspended, and it was withdrawn altogether after the peace. Because of this, Ariosto asked the duke either to provide for him, or to allow him to seek employment elsewhere. He was appointed to the province of [[Garfagnana]], then without a governor, situated on the wildest heights of the Apennines, an appointment he held for three years. The place was no sinecure. The province was distracted by factions and ''banditi'', the governor had not the requisite means to enforce his authority and the duke did little to support his minister. Yet it is said that Ariosto's government satisfied both the sovereign and the people given over to his care; indeed, there is a story about a time when he was walking alone and fell into the company of a group of ''banditi'', the chief of which, on discovering that his captive was the author of ''Orlando Furioso'', humbly apologized for not having immediately shown him the respect which was due to his rank.

In 1508 his play ''Cassaria'' appeared, and the next year ''I Suppositi''.

In 1516, the first version of the ''[[Orlando Furioso]]'' in forty cantos, was published at Ferrara.

The third and final version of the ''Orlando Furioso'', in forty-six cantos, appeared on [[September 8]], [[1532]].

==Poetic style==
[[File:Ariosto.jpg|thumb|left|Statue of the poet in [[Reggio Emilia]]]]
Throughout Ariosto's writing are narratorial comments dubbed by Dr. Daniel Javich as "Cantus Interruptus". These sections are short breaks in the text in which the narrator destroys the fourth wall and talks directly to the audience. Whether this is for comedic reasons or is just a continuation of the oral tradition, Ariosto uses it throughout his works.

For example, in Canto II, stanza 30, of ''[[Orlando Furioso]]'', the narrator says: <br>
:''But I, who still pursue a varying tale,<br>
:''Must leave awhile the [[Paladin]], who wages<br>
:''A weary warfare with the wind and flood;<br>
:''To follow a fair virgin of his blood.''

Some have attributed this piece of [[metafiction]] as one component of the "Sorriso ariostesco" or Ariosto smile, the wry sense of humor that Ariosto adds to the text.

In explaining this humor, Thomas Greene, in his critical work ''Descent from Heaven'', says "the two persistent qualities of Ariosto's language are first, serenity - the evenness and self-contented assurance with which it urbanely flows, and second, brilliance - the Mediterranean glitter and sheen which neither dazzle nor obscure but confer on every object its precise outline and glinting surface. Only occasionally can Ariosto's language truly be said to be witty, but its lightness and agility create a surface which conveys a witty effect. Too much wit could destroy even the finest poem, but Ariosto's graceful ''brio'' is at least as difficult and for narrative purposes more satisfying".

==References==
*Greene, Thomas. ''The Descent from Heaven, a Study in Epic Continuity''. New Haven: [[Yale University Press]], 1963.

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== Oberennoù ==
== Oberennoù ==
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* {{fr}} [http://sites.univ-provence.fr/pictura/Arioste/AriosteEditions.php Les éditions illustrées du ''Roland furieux'']
* {{fr}} [http://sites.univ-provence.fr/pictura/Arioste/AriosteEditions.php Les éditions illustrées du ''Roland furieux'']
{{commons|Ludovico Ariosto|Ludovico Ariosto}}
{{commons|Ludovico Ariosto|Ludovico Ariosto}}
{{Wikisource1911Enc|Ariosto, Ludovico}}
*{{gutenberg author|id=Lodovico_Ariosto|name=Ludovico Ariosto}}
*{{gutenberg author|id=Lodovico_Ariosto|name=Ludovico Ariosto}}
* [http://www.intratext.com/Catalogo/Autori/AUT27.HTM Ludovico Ariosto's works]: text, concordances and frequency lists
* [http://www.intratext.com/Catalogo/Autori/AUT27.HTM Ludovico Ariosto's works]: text, concordances and frequency lists
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* The Online medieval &amp; Classical Library (OMACL): [http://omacl.org/Orlando/1-2canto.html Orlando Furioso: Canto 1 &amp; Canto 2]
* The Online medieval &amp; Classical Library (OMACL): [http://omacl.org/Orlando/1-2canto.html Orlando Furioso: Canto 1 &amp; Canto 2]


{{DEFAULTSORT:Ariosto, Ludovico}}
[[Rummad:Ganedigezhioù 1474]]
[[Rummad:Marvioù 1533]]
[[Rummad:Barzhed Italia]]
[[Rummad:Barzhed Italia]]

Stumm eus an 5 Her 2013 da 08:46

Ariosto, poltredet gant Tizian
Ariosto, en un daolenn Madonna gant ar sent Jozeb, Yann, Catarina Sienna, Loeiz Toloza ha Lodovico Ariosto, gant Vincenzo Catena, 1512, Berlin

Ludovico Ariosto, ganet d'an 8 a viz Gwengolo 1474 e Reggio Emilia, ha marvet d'ar 6 a viz Gouhere 1533 e Ferrara, a oa ur barzh italianek, brudet evel oberour ar meurgan Orlando furioso. Alfonso Iañ d'Este, dug Ferrara, a oa e warezour.

E vuhez

A renk uhel e oa e dud, met dibeadra a-walc'h. Un deskadurezh vat en doa nemet keuz en doa ne ouie ket gregach (tre evel Macchiavelli). Abred e rankas ober war-dro deskadurezh e vreudeur ha c'hoarezed ha n'hallas ket tremen kement a amzer ha ma karje bezañ graet o studiañ hag o skrivañ barzhoniezh.
En 1504 e krogas da labourat evit ar c'hardinal Ippolito d'Este, mab da dug Ferrara, ha meur a gannadiezh a reas davet ar pab Jul II. Ne fellas ket dezhañ heuilhañ e vestr da Hungaria avat, ha servij a reas e vreur Alfonso d'Este, dug Ferrara, neuze. Roet e voe dezhañ ar garg a c'houarnour e Garfagnana, ur c'hornad meneziek eus Toskana, a oa etre daouarn forbaned ha laeron. En em dennañ a reas mat eus e labour, ha mont neuze war e leve gant e serc'h hag e vab da Ferrara, ma weler e di c'hoazh.


An ti ma voe ganet Ariosto

E oberenn

A-hed e vuhez kargad ne ehanas ket Ariosto da labourat war e bennoberenn Orlando furioso, ur barodienn soutil eus ar barzhonegoù marc'heien, kinniget evel un heuliad da oberenn Matteo Maria Boiardo, Orlando Innamorato.

Teir c'haoz veur zo enni:

46 kan zo el levr, anezho gwerzennoù bodet e pozioù eizh gwerzenn (stanza), ha mesket enne kriz ha fentus, dave enne da sevenadur Europa, adalek Homeros betek romantoù atr Grennamzer.

En 1516 e voe graet an embannadur kentañ, 40 kan ennañ, met ne baouezas ket da labourat war e skrid, hag e 1532 e voe un embannadur kresket gant 46 kan.

Oberennoù

Troidigezhioù e galleg

Ne veneger nemet an embannadurioù divyezhek, abalamour m'emañ ar skrid er yezh orin e-barzh. Ar re c'hallek en o hed a gavor er wikipedia gallek.

  • Meur a embannadur gallek e komz-plaen zo bet adal ar XVIvet kantved.
  • Roland furieux, embannadur divyezhek gant André Rochon, 4 levrenn, Les Belles Lettres, 1998-2002.

Lennadurezh

  • Robert Durling, The figure of the poet in Renaissance epic, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1965.
  • Charles P. Brand, Ludovico Ariosto : a preface to the 'Orlando furioso', Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1974.
  • Daniel Javitch, ‘Cantus interruptus in the “Orlando Furioso”’, Modern language notes, 95 (1980), 66-80.
  • Albert R. Ascoli, Ariosto's bitter harmony : crisis and evasion in the Italian renaissance, Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1987.
  • Michel Orcel, Le statut de la fureur et A propos d'un tercet de l'Arioste in Italie obscure, Belin, Paris, 2001.
  • Daniel Javitch, 'The Poetics of Variatio in Orlando Furioso', Modern Language Quarterly, 2005, 66(1): 1-20.
  • Giuseppe Sangirardi, Ludovico Ariosto, Firenze: Le Monnier, 2006.
  • Giulio Ferroni, Ludovico Ariosto, Roma: Salerno Editrice, 2008.
  • Stefano Jossa, Ariosto, Bologna: il Mulino, 2009.

Liammoù diavaez


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