Priz Nobel ar Gimiezh

Loreidi

An daolenn dindan a zo listenn al loreidi abaoe ar pennkentañ. (Ezhomm 'zo treiñ an abegoù c'hoazh)

Bloavezhioù 1900

Bloavezh	Loread		Bro	Abeg
1901		Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff	Izelvroioù	"[for his] discovery of the laws of chemical dynamics and osmotic pressure in solutions"
1902		Hermann Emil Fischer	Alamagn	"[for] his work on sugar and purine syntheses"
1903		Svante August Arrhenius	Sveden	"[for] his electrolytic theory of dissociation"
1904		Sir William Ramsay	Rouantelezh Unanet	"[for his] discovery of the inert gaseous elements in air, and his determination of their place in the periodic system"
1905		Johann Friedrich Wilhelm Adolf von Baeyer	Alamagn	"[for] the advancement of organic chemistry and the chemical industry, through his work on organic dyes and hydroaromatic compounds"
1906		Henri Moissan	Bro-C'hall	"[for his] investigation and isolation of the element fluorine, and for [the] electric furnace called after him"
1907		Eduard Buchner	Alamagn	"for his biochemical researches and his discovery of cell-free fermentation"
1908		Ernest Rutherford	Rouantelezh Unanet Zeland Nevez	"for his investigations into the disintegration of the elements, and the chemistry of radioactive substances"
1909		Wilhelm Ostwald	Alamagn	"[for] his work on catalysis and for his investigations into the fundamental principles governing chemical equilibria and rates of reaction"

Bloavezhioù 1910

Bloavezh	LoreadPatrom:Ref		BroPatrom:Ref	AbegPatrom:Ref
1910		Otto Wallach	Alamagn	"[for] his services to organic chemistry and the chemical industry by his pioneer work in the field of alicyclic compounds"
1911		Marie Curie, née Sklodowska	Polonia	"[for] the discovery of the elements radium and polonium, by the isolation of radium and the study of the nature and compounds of this remarkable element"
1912		Victor Grignard	Bro-C’hall	"for the discovery of the [...] Grignard reagent"
		Paul Sabatier	Bro-C’hall	"for his method of hydrogenating organic compounds in the presence of finely disintegrated metals"
1913		Alfred Werner	Suis	"[for] his work on the linkage of atoms in molecules [...] especially in inorganic chemistry"
1914		Theodore William Richards	Stadoù Unanet	"[for] his accurate determinations of the atomic weight of a large number of chemical elements"
1915		Richard Martin Willstätter	Alamagn	"for his researches on plant pigments, especially chlorophyll"
1916	Priz nann roet
1917	Priz nann roet
1918		Fritz Haber	Alamagn	"for the synthesis of ammonia from its elements"
1919	Priz nann roet

Bloavezhioù 1920

Bloavezh	LoreadPatrom:Ref		BroPatrom:Ref	AbegPatrom:Ref
1920		Walther Hermann Nernst	Alamagn	"[for] his work in thermochemistry"
1921		Frederick Soddy	Rouantelezh Unanet	"for his contributions to our knowledge of the chemistry of radioactive substances, and his investigations into the origin and nature of isotopes"
1922		Francis William Aston	Rouantelezh Unanet	"for his discovery, by means of his mass spectrograph, of isotopes, in a large number of non-radioactive elements, and for his enunciation of the whole-number rule"
1923		Fritz Pregl	Aostria	"for his invention of the method of micro-analysis of organic substances"
1924	Priz nann roet
1925		Richard Adolf Zsigmondy	Alamagn	"for his demonstration of the heterogeneous nature of colloid solutions and for the methods he used"
1926		The (Theodor) Svedberg	Sveden	"for his work on disperse systems"
1927		Heinrich Otto Wieland	Alamagn	"for his investigations of the constitution of the bile acids and related substances"
1928		Adolf Otto Reinhold Windaus	Alamagn	"[for] his research into the constitution of the sterols and their connection with the vitamins"
1929		Arthur Harden	Rouantelezh Unanet	"for their investigations on the fermentation of sugar and fermentative enzymes"
		Hans Karl August Simon von Euler-Chelpin	Alamagn

Bloavezhioù 1930

Bloavezh	LoreadPatrom:Ref		BroPatrom:Ref	AbegPatrom:Ref
1930		Hans Fischer	Alamagn	"for his researches into the constitution of haemin and chlorophyll and especially for his synthesis of haemin"
1931		Carl Bosch	Alamagn	"[for] their contributions to the invention and development of chemical high pressure methods"
		Friedrich Bergius	Alamagn
1932		Irving Langmuir	Stadoù Unanet	"for his discoveries and investigations in surface chemistry"
1933	Priz nann roet
1934		Harold Clayton Urey	Stadoù Unanet	"for his discovery of heavy hydrogen"
1935		Frédéric Joliot	Bro-C’hall	"[for] their synthesis of new radioactive elements"
		Irene Joliot-Curie	Bro-C’hall
1936		Petrus (Peter) Josephus Wilhelmus Debye	Izelvroioù	"[for his work on] molecular structure through his investigations on dipole moments and the diffraction of X-rays and electrons in gases"
1937		Walter Norman Haworth	Rouantelezh Unanet	"for his investigations on carbohydrates and vitamin C"
		Paul Karrer	Suis	"for his investigations on carotenoids, flavins and vitamins A and B2"
1938		Richard Kuhn	Alamagn	"for his work on carotenoids and vitamins"
1939		Adolf Friedrich Johann Butenandt	Alamagn	"for his work on sex hormones"
		Leopold Ruzicka	Suis	"for his work on polymethylenes and higher terpenes"

Bloavezhioù 1940

Bloavezh	LoreadPatrom:Ref		BroPatrom:Ref	AbegPatrom:Ref
1940	Priz nann roet
1941	Priz nann roet
1942	Priz nann roet
1943		George de Hevesy	Hungaria	"for his work on the use of isotopes as tracers in the study of chemical processes"
1944		Otto Hahn	Alamagn	"for his discovery of the fission of heavy nuclei"
1945		Artturi Ilmari Virtanen	Finland	"for his research and inventions in agricultural and nutrition chemistry, especially for his fodder preservation method"
1946		James Batcheller Sumner	Stadoù Unanet	"for his discovery that enzymes can be crystallized"
		John Howard Northrop	Stadoù Unanet	"for their preparation of enzymes and virus proteins in a pure form"
		Wendell Meredith Stanley	Stadoù Unanet
1947		Sir Robert Robinson	Rouantelezh Unanet	"for his investigations on plant products of biological importance, especially the alkaloids"
1948		Arne Wilhelm Kaurin Tiselius	Sveden	"for his research on electrophoresis and adsorption analysis, especially for his discoveries concerning the complex nature of the serum proteins"
1949		William Francis Giauque	Stadoù Unanet	"for his contributions in the field of chemical thermodynamics, particularly concerning the behaviour of substances at extremely low temperatures"

Bloavezhioù 1950

Bloavezh	LoreadPatrom:Ref		BroPatrom:Ref	AbegPatrom:Ref
1950		Otto Paul Hermann Diels	Republik Federal Alamagn	"for their discovery and development of the diene synthesis"
		Kurt Alder	Republik Federal Alamagn
1951		Edwin Mattison McMillan	Stadoù Unanet	"for their discoveries in the chemistry of transuranium elements"
		Glenn Theodore Seaborg	Stadoù Unanet
1952		Archer John Porter Martin	Rouantelezh Unanet	"for their invention of partition chromatography"
		Richard Laurence Millington Synge	Rouantelezh Unanet
1953		Hermann Staudinger	Republik Federal Alamagn	"for his discoveries in the field of macromolecular chemistry"
1954		Linus Carl Pauling	Stadoù Unanet	"for his research into the nature of the chemical bond and its application to the elucidation of the structure of complex substances"
1955		Vincent du Vigneaud	Stadoù Unanet	"for his work on biochemically important sulphur compounds, especially for the first synthesis of a polypeptide hormone"
1956		Sir Cyril Norman Hinshelwood	Rouantelezh Unanet	"for their researches into the mechanism of chemical reactions"
		Nikolay Nikolaevich Semenov	URSS
1957		Lord (Alexander R.) Todd	Rouantelezh Unanet	"for his work on nucleotides and nucleotide co-enzymes"
1958		Frederick Sanger	Rouantelezh Unanet	"for his work on the structure of proteins, especially that of insulin"
1959		Jaroslav Heyrovský	Tchekoslovakia	"for his discovery and development of the polarographic methods of analysis"

Bloavezhioù 1960

Bloavezh	LoreadPatrom:Ref		BroPatrom:Ref	AbegPatrom:Ref
1960		Willard Frank Libby	Stadoù Unanet	"for his method to use carbon-14 for age determination in archaeology, geology, geophysics, and other branches of science"
1961		Melvin Calvin	Stadoù Unanet	"for his research on the carbon dioxide assimilation in plants"
1962		Max Ferdinand Perutz	Rouantelezh Unanet	"for their studies of the structures of globular proteins"
		John Cowdery Kendrew	Rouantelezh Unanet
1963		Karl Ziegler	Republik Federal Alamagn	"for their discoveries in the field of the chemistry and technology of high polymers"
		Giulio Natta	Italia
1964		Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin	Rouantelezh Unanet	"for her determinations by X-ray techniques of the structures of important biochemical substances"
1965		Robert Burns Woodward	Stadoù Unanet	"for his outstanding achievements in the art of organic synthesis"
1966		Robert S. Mulliken	Stadoù Unanet	"for his fundamental work concerning chemical bonds and the electronic structure of molecules by the molecular orbital method"
1967		Manfred Eigen	Republik Federal Alamagn	"for their studies of extremely fast chemical reactions, effected by disturbing the equilibrium by means of very short pulses of energy"
		Ronald George Wreyford Norrish	Rouantelezh Unanet
		George Porter	Rouantelezh Unanet
1968		Lars Onsager	Stadoù Unanet	"for the discovery of the reciprocal relations bearing his name, which are fundamental for the thermodynamics of irreversible processes"
1969		Derek H. R. Barton	Rouantelezh Unanet	"for their contributions to the development of the concept of conformation and its application in chemistry"
		Odd Hassel	Norvegia

Bloavezhioù 1970

Bloavezh	LoreadPatrom:Ref		BroPatrom:Ref	AbegPatrom:Ref
1970		Luis F. Leloir	Arc’hantina	"for his discovery of sugar nucleotides and their role in the biosynthesis of carbohydrates"
1971		Gerhard Herzberg	Kanada	"for his contributions to the knowledge of electronic structure and geometry of molecules, particularly free radicals"
1972		Christian B. Anfinsen	Stadoù Unanet	"for his work on ribonuclease, especially concerning the connection between the amino acid sequence and the biologically active conformation"
		Stanford Moore	Stadoù Unanet	"for their contribution to the understanding of the connection between chemical structure and catalytic activity of the active centre of the ribonuclease molecule"
		William H. Stein	Stadoù Unanet
1973		Ernst Otto Fischer	Republik Federal Alamagn	"for their pioneering work, performed independently, on the chemistry of the organometallic, so called sandwich compounds"
		Geoffrey Wilkinson	Rouantelezh Unanet
1974		Paul J. Flory	Stadoù Unanet	"for his fundamental work, both theoretical and experimental, in the physical chemistry of macromolecules"
1975		John Warcup Cornforth	Aostralia Rouantelezh Unanet	"for his work on the stereochemistry of enzyme-catalyzed reactions"
		Vladimir Prelog	Suis	"for his research into the stereochemistry of organic molecules and reactions"
1976		William N. Lipscomb	Stadoù Unanet	"for his studies on the structure of boranes illuminating problems of chemical bonding"
1977		Ilya Prigogine	Belgia	"for his contributions to non-equilibrium thermodynamics, particularly the theory of dissipative structures"
1978		Peter D. Mitchell	Rouantelezh Unanet	"for his contribution to the understanding of biological energy transfer through the formulation of the chemiosmotic theory"
1979		Herbert C. Brown	Stadoù Unanet	"for their development of the use of boron- and phosphorus-containing compounds, respectively, into important reagents in organic synthesis"
		Georg Wittig	Republik Federal Alamagn

Bloavezhioù 1980

Bloavezh	LoreadPatrom:Ref		BroPatrom:Ref	AbegPatrom:Ref
1980		Paul Berg	Stadoù Unanet	"for his fundamental studies of the biochemistry of nucleic acids, with particular regard to recombinant-DNA"
		Walter Gilbert	Stadoù Unanet	"for their contributions concerning the determination of base sequences in nucleic acids"
		Frederick Sanger	Rouantelezh Unanet
1981		Kenichi Fukui	Japan	"for their theories, developed independently, concerning the course of chemical reactions"
		Roald Hoffmann	Stadoù Unanet
1982		Aaron Klug	Rouantelezh Unanet	"for his development of crystallographic electron microscopy and his structural elucidation of biologically important nucleic acid-protein complexes"
1983		Henry Taube	Stadoù Unanet	"for his work on the mechanisms of electron transfer reactions, especially in metal complexes"
1984	75px	Robert Bruce Merrifield	Stadoù Unanet	"for his development of methodology for chemical synthesis on a solid matrix"
1985		Herbert A. Hauptman	Stadoù Unanet	"for their outstanding achievements in developing direct methods for the determination of crystal structures"
		Jerome Karle	Stadoù Unanet
1986		Dudley R. Herschbach	Stadoù Unanet	"for their contributions concerning the dynamics of chemical elementary processes"
		Yuan T. Lee	Stadoù Unanet
		John C. Polanyi	Kanada
1987		Donald J. Cram	Stadoù Unanet	"for their development and use of molecules with structure-specific interactions of high selectivity"
		Jean-Marie Lehn	Bro-C’hall
		Charles J. Pedersen	Stadoù Unanet
1988		Johann Deisenhofer	Republik Federal Alamagn	"for their determination of the three-dimensional structure of a photosynthetic reaction centre"
		Robert Huber	Republik Federal Alamagn
		Hartmut Michel	Republik Federal Alamagn
1989		Sidney Altman	Kanada Stadoù Unanet	"for their discovery of catalytic properties of RNA"
		Thomas R. Cech	Stadoù Unanet

Bloavezhioù 1990

Bloavezh	LoreadPatrom:Ref		BroPatrom:Ref	AbegPatrom:Ref
1990		Elias James Corey	Stadoù Unanet	"for his development of the theory and methodology of organic synthesis"
1991		Richard R. Ernst	Suis	"for his contributions to the development of the methodology of high resolution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy"
1992		Rudolph A. Marcus	Stadoù Unanet	"for his contributions to the theory of electron transfer reactions in chemical systems"
1993		Kary B. Mullis	Stadoù Unanet	"for contributions to the developments of methods within DNA-based chemistry [...] for his invention of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method"
		Michael Smith	Kanada	"for contributions to the developments of methods within DNA-based chemistry [...] for his fundamental contributions to the establishment of oligonucleotide-based, site-directed mutagenesis and its development for protein studies"
1994		George A. Olah	Stadoù Unanet	"for his contribution to carbocation chemistry"
1995		Paul J. Crutzen	Izelvroioù	"for their work in atmospheric chemistry, particularly concerning the formation and decomposition of ozone"
		Mario J. Molina	Mexico
		F. Sherwood Rowland	Stadoù Unanet
1996		Robert F. Curl Jr.	Stadoù Unanet	"for their discovery of fullerenes"
		Sir Harold W. Kroto	Rouantelezh Unanet
		Richard E. Smalley	Stadoù Unanet
1997		Paul D. Boyer	Stadoù Unanet	"for their elucidation of the enzymatic mechanism underlying the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)"
		John E. Walker	Rouantelezh Unanet
		Jens C. Skou	Denmark	"for the first discovery of an ion-transporting enzyme, Na+, K+ -ATPase"
1998		Walter Kohn	Stadoù Unanet	"for his development of the density-functional theory"
		John A. Pople	Rouantelezh Unanet	"for his development of computational methods in quantum chemistry"
1999		Ahmed H. Zewail	Egipt Stadoù Unanet	"for his studies of the transition states of chemical reactions using femtosecond spectroscopy"

Bloavezhioù 2000

Bloavezh	Loread		Bro	Abeg
2000		Alan J. Heeger	Stadoù Unanet	"for their discovery and development of conductive polymers"
		Alan G MacDiarmid	Stadoù Unanet Zeland Nevez
		Hideki Shirakawa	Japan
2001		William S. Knowles	Stadoù Unanet	"for their work on chirally catalysed hydrogenation reactions"
		Ryoji Noyori	Japan
		K. Barry Sharpless	Stadoù Unanet	"for his work on chirally catalysed oxidation reactions"
2002		John B. Fenn	Stadoù Unanet	"for the development of methods for identification and structure analyses of biological macromolecules [...] for their development of soft desorption ionisation methods for mass spectrometric analyses of biological macromolecules"
		Koichi Tanaka	Japan
		Kurt Wüthrich	Suis	"for the development of methods for identification and structure analyses of biological macromolecules [...] for his development of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy for determining the three-dimensional structure of biological macromolecules in solution"
2003		Peter Agre	Stadoù Unanet	"for discoveries concerning channels in cell membranes [...] for the discovery of water channels"
		Roderick MacKinnon	Stadoù Unanet	"for discoveries concerning channels in cell membranes [...] for structural and mechanistic studies of ion channels"
2004		Aaron Ciechanover	Israel	"for the discovery of ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation"
		Avram Hershko	Israel
		Irwin Rose	Stadoù Unanet
2005		Yves Chauvin	Bro-C’hall	"for the development of the metathesis method in organic synthesis"
		Robert H. Grubbs	Stadoù Unanet
		Richard R. Schrock	Stadoù Unanet
2006		Roger D. Kornberg	Stadoù Unanet	"for his studies of the molecular basis of eukaryotic transcription"
2007		Gerhard Ertl	Alamagn	"for his studies of chemical processes on solid surfaces"
2008		Osamu Shimomura	Stadoù Unanet	"for the discovery and development of the green fluorescent protein, GFP"
		Martin Chalfie	Stadoù Unanet
		Roger Y. Tsien	Stadoù Unanet
2009		Venkatraman Ramakrishnan	India, Rouantelezh Unanet	"for studies of the structure and function of the ribosome"
		Thomas A. Steitz	Stadoù Unanet
		Ada E. Yonath	Israel

Bloavezhioù 2010

• 2010: Richard F. Heck ( Stadoù-Unanet), Ei-ichi Negishi ( Japan), Akira Suzuki ( Japan)
• 2011: Daniel Shechtman ( Israel) «evit bezañ dizoloet ar c'hazikristal»

Gwelet ivez

• Priz Nobel
• Priz Nobel ar Fizik
• Priz Nobel ar Fiziologiezh pe ar Medisinerezh
• priz Nobel al Lennegezh
• Priz Nobel ar Peoc'h
• Priz Nobel an Ekonomiezh